{"id":1366,"date":"2026-01-24T08:44:39","date_gmt":"2026-01-24T08:44:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/?p=1366"},"modified":"2026-01-24T08:44:40","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T08:44:40","slug":"ras-is-seni-arap-alevilerinin-takvim-uzerinden-kulturel-mirasi-ve-yeni-yil-kutlamalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/index.php\/2026\/01\/24\/ras-is-seni-arap-alevilerinin-takvim-uzerinden-kulturel-mirasi-ve-yeni-yil-kutlamalari\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e2s is-Seni: Arap Alevilerinin Takvim \u00dczerinden K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131 ve Yeni Y\u0131l Kutlamalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S\u00fcleyman Serhan Narl\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Zaman\u0131n Ritmi: G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Takvimlerin Evrimi\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z evrensel takvimin tarihsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc anlamam\u0131z Arap Alevi toplumu taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan takvimi daha iyi analiz etmemizi sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Zaman\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde, takvimler uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n nabz\u0131n\u0131 tutmu\u015f, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel rit\u00fcellerin bel kemi\u011fini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Eski M\u0131s\u0131r’dan ba\u015flayarak, ay ve g\u00fcne\u015f d\u00f6ng\u00fclerine dayal\u0131 takvimler, insanl\u0131k tarihinin kronolojisini \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. Romal\u0131lar, M\u0131s\u0131r g\u00fcne\u015f takvimini kullanm\u0131\u015f, ancak zamanla bu takvimdeki hatalar kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. J\u00fcl Sezar, astronom Sosigenes’in yard\u0131m\u0131yla takvimi d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve bir y\u0131l\u0131 365,25 g\u00fcn olarak hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu d\u00fczenleme, ger\u00e7ek G\u00fcne\u015f y\u0131l\u0131ndan (365,242 g\u00fcn) biraz daha uzun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, zamanla mevsimlerle takvim aras\u0131nda bir kaymaya neden olmu\u015ftur. Gregoryen Takvimine Ge\u00e7i\u015f ve 10 G\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 Bu kaymay\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek amac\u0131yla, 1582 y\u0131l\u0131nda Papa XIII. Gregorius, Gregoryen Takvimi’ni tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yeni takvim, 4 Ekim 1582’den sonraki g\u00fcn\u00fc 15 Ekim olarak kabul ederek, 10 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir ayarlama yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik, takvimi ger\u00e7ek G\u00fcne\u015f y\u0131l\u0131na daha yak\u0131n hale getirmi\u015f ve mevsimlerle takvim aras\u0131ndaki uyumu sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her 400 Y\u0131lda Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Hata Gregoryen Takviminde, J\u00fclyen Takvimi’nde bulunan ve her 400 y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,12 g\u00fcn, yani 128 y\u0131lda 1 g\u00fcn geri kalma hatas\u0131 d\u00fczeltilmi\u015ftir. Gregoryen Takvim, J\u00fclyen takvimi gibi her 4 y\u0131lda bir art\u0131k y\u0131l uygulamas\u0131na gider. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, takvimlerin zamanla nas\u0131l evrildi\u011fini ve daha do\u011fru zaman \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne nas\u0131l ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi Takvim De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi’nde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, takvimlerde \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaparak Rumi takvime ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131. Bu yeni takvim, G\u00fcne\u015f y\u0131l\u0131na dayal\u0131yd\u0131 ve Hicri takvimle paralel kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak, zamanla Rumi takvim, Gregoryen takvimi ile uyumlu hale getirildi. 8 \u015eubat 1332’deki bir kanunla, J\u00fclyen esasl\u0131 Rumi takvim, Gregoryen esasl\u0131 takvime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve b\u00f6ylece 13 g\u00fcnl\u00fck fark giderildi. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik, zaman \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde yeni bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye’de ‘Takvim \u0130nk\u0131lab\u0131’ olarak bilinir. [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      1. D\u00fcnya Toplumlar\u0131nda Eski Yeni Y\u0131l Kutlamalar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

         Eski Yeni Y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131, d\u00fcnya genelinde \u00e7e\u015fitli topluluklar taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 tarihlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir gelenektir. Bu gelene\u011fin k\u00f6keni, J\u00fclyen Takvimi’ne dayan\u0131r ve genellikle 14 Ocak civar\u0131nda kutlan\u0131r. Eski Yeni Y\u0131l gelene\u011fi, Filistin, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Ermenistan, Belarus, \u00d6zbekistan, Bosna Hersek’in S\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti b\u00f6lgesi, G\u00fcrcistan, Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Karada\u011f, Moldova, Ukrayna’n\u0131n Malanka b\u00f6lgesi, Galler, \u0130svi\u00e7re’nin Silvester b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130sko\u00e7ya’da Eski Yeni Y\u0131l, geleneksel olarak 12 Ocak’ta kutlan\u0131r. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, \u0130sko\u00e7 Galyal\u0131 topluluklar bu \u015f\u00f6leni yayg\u0131n olarak kutlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bu gelene\u011fi G\u00fcney Uist, Eriskay ve Glenfinnan b\u00f6lgelerinde devam ettirmektedirler. \u0130sko\u00e7ya’n\u0131n Morayshire b\u00f6lgesindeki Burghead kasabas\u0131, Eski Yeni Y\u0131l arifesini “Burning o’ the Clavie” rit\u00fceli ile kutlar. Kuzey Afrika’da Berberiler, J\u00fclyen Takvimi’ne \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olan kendi “Berberi takvimi”ne g\u00f6re Yeni Y\u0131l\u0131 kutlarlar. Baz\u0131 takvim hatalar\u0131 nedeniyle, Berber Yeni Y\u0131l\u0131 baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde 14 Ocak yerine 12. g\u00fcnde kutlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerdeki Eski Yeni Y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131, farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda benzer geleneklerin nas\u0131l korundu\u011funu ve kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu kutlamalar, her bir toplulu\u011fun tarihsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131makta ve toplumsal kimliklerini peki\u015ftirmektedir [3 – 4 – 5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Arap Alevi Takviminde Yeni Y\u0131l<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Arap Aleviler, 6.\u0130mam Cafer Essad\u0131k (A.S.)\u2019\u0131n olu\u015fturmu\u015f oldu\u011fu takvim hesaplamas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r, bu takvim hesab\u0131 Hz. Adem\u2019in do\u011fumunu baz alacak kadar eskidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Arap Aleviler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan takvim, Hicri \u015femsi (G\u00fcne\u015f veya Rumi takvimi) ve Hicri kameri (Ay) olmak \u00fczere iki farkl\u0131 tarihi bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r, evrensel takvim ile senkronize bir \u015fekilde ilerlemektedir, takvim hesab\u0131n\u0131 yapan ki\u015filer toplumun inan\u00e7 ve kanaat \u00f6nderlerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan takvim di\u011fer takvimlerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir hesaplama bi\u00e7imi vard\u0131r. Bu takvim sistemi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dini rit\u00fceller i\u00e7in temel olu\u015fturur ve bu topluluklar\u0131n tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimli\u011finin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu takvimde, 1 K\u00ean\u00fbn is-S\u00eaniolarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan g\u00fcn, evrensel takvimdeki (Gregoryen) 14 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fcne denk gelir, bunun sebebini yukar\u0131da da anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan Gregoryen takvimi ile Arap Alevilerde kullan\u0131lan takvim aras\u0131ndaki 13 g\u00fcnl\u00fck farktan meydana gelmektedir. R\u00e2s is-Seni’ olarak bilinen bu \u00f6zel g\u00fcn ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201cKuzelle\u201d ismiyle de an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar,”Kuvzelli” kelimesinin, “ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7” anlam\u0131na gelen Aramice “kuz-li” kelimesinden t\u00fcredi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedir. Her hal\u00fckarda, R\u00e2s is-Seni bir dini veya resmi bayram olarak kabul edilmemektedir, ancak eski ve otantik bir miras ve g\u00fczel bir gelenektir. Bu \u00f6zel g\u00fcnde, Arap Alevi toplulu\u011fu yeni y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131 yaparlar. Bu rit\u00fceller ve kutlamalar, toplulu\u011fun tarihini, inanc\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerini yans\u0131tan \u00f6nemli unsurlard\u0131r. Kuvzelle veya R\u00e2s is-Seni, Arap Alevi toplumunun derinlerde yatan toplumsal kimli\u011finin ve tarihsel bilincinin canl\u0131 bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zel g\u00fcn, sadece takvim yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumun kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc tarihini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131 kutlama bi\u00e7imidir. Arap Aleviler, bu g\u00fcn\u00fc kendi takvimlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak, geleneksel yemekler, aile bulu\u015fmalar\u0131 ve akraba ziyaretleriyle \u00f6zel bir anlamla doldururlar. Bu rit\u00fceller, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelece\u011fe uzanan bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve topluluk i\u00e7indeki ku\u015faklar aras\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 peki\u015ftirir. Bu kutlamalar, toplulu\u011fun zaman i\u00e7indeki yolculu\u011funu ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u00fcreklili\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Kuvzelle veya R\u00e2s is-Seni, Arap Alevi toplumunun tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimli\u011finin sadece bir par\u00e7as\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal dokunun ve birli\u011fin korunmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar. Bu \u00f6zel g\u00fcn, y\u0131l\u0131n her d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, toplumun kalbindeki ya\u015fayan tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 yeniden hat\u0131rlat\u0131r ve onurland\u0131r\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Referans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [1] “Eski M\u0131s\u0131r: Modern Takvimin Do\u011fdu\u011fu Yer” – 12 Eyl\u00fcl 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde ar\u015fivlendi. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 12.01.2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [2]”17 Temmuz 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde ar\u015fivlendi. Diyanet Takvimi 2011, Ba\u015flarken, Rum\u00ee Tarih ile \u0130lgili \u00d6nemli A\u00e7\u0131klama, s. 5″ <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [3] “Rusya’da Kilise Eski Takvime D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f \u0130stiyor” – T\u00fcrk-Rus.com Sitesi, 18.01.2017. 12 Eyl\u00fcl 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde ar\u015fivlendi. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 11.09.2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [4] “Russian Old New Year: Eski Yeni Y\u0131l Gelene\u011fi”, Russia-IC, Ar\u015fivlenmi\u015f Kopya, Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 13 Ocak 2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [5] “To Discover Russia: Russian Old New Year”, Ar\u015fivlenmi\u015f Kopya, Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 11 Haziran 2018.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        S\u00fcleyman Serhan Narl\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z evrensel takvimin tarihsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc anlamam\u0131z Arap Alevi toplumu taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan takvimi daha iyi analiz etmemizi sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Zaman\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde, takvimler uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n nabz\u0131n\u0131 tutmu\u015f, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel rit\u00fcellerin bel kemi\u011fini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Eski M\u0131s\u0131r’dan ba\u015flayarak, ay ve g\u00fcne\u015f d\u00f6ng\u00fclerine dayal\u0131 takvimler, insanl\u0131k tarihinin kronolojisini \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. Romal\u0131lar, M\u0131s\u0131r g\u00fcne\u015f takvimini kullanm\u0131\u015f, ancak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1369,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1366","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kultur","8":"category-tarih"},"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e2s is-Seni: Arap Alevilerinin Takvim \u00dczerinden K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131 ve Yeni Y\u0131l Kutlamalar\u0131 - ehlen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kuvzelle veya R\u00e2s is-Seni, Arap Alevi toplumunun derinlerde yatan toplumsal kimli\u011finin ve tarihsel bilincinin canl\u0131 bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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