{"id":440,"date":"2024-04-01T08:51:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T08:51:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/?p=440"},"modified":"2024-04-01T09:08:32","modified_gmt":"2024-04-01T09:08:32","slug":"afet-sonrasi-mulksuzlestirme-asimilasyon-ve-dikmece-direnisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/01\/afet-sonrasi-mulksuzlestirme-asimilasyon-ve-dikmece-direnisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Afet Sonras\u0131 M\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme, Asimilasyon ve Dikmece Direni\u015fi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mehmet U\u011fur, Ekonomi ve Kurumlar Profes\u00f6r\u00fc, Greenwich \u00dcniversitesi
Bar\u0131\u015f Can, Siyaset Bilimi Uzman\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geni\u015f bir literat\u00fcr, afet-sonras\u0131 yeniden imar s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin devlet eliyle birer ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu t\u00fcr operasyonlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme ihtimali,  zenginlere hizmet eden neo-liberal ekonomi politikalar\u0131 izleyen, etnik ve dinsel az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 bast\u0131rmaya ve marjinalize etme\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve me\u015fruiyetini rant temelli bir biat sisteminden alan rejimlerde daha y\u00fcksektir. Naomi Klein\u2019\u0131n felaket kapitalizmi tezine g\u00f6re, afet-sonras\u0131 ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme serbest piyasa ideolojisinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

AKP rejiminin \u00f6zellikle Antakya, Defne, Samanda\u011f ve Alt\u0131n\u00f6z\u00fc ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok-k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc deprem co\u011frafyas\u0131nda felaket kapitalizmi teorisine uygun bir m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve asimilasyon politikas\u0131 izleyece\u011fi depremin ilk g\u00fcn\u00fc belli olmu\u015ftu. Bu co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan Arap Aleviler, Arap H\u0131ristiyanlar, Ermeniler ve Yahudiler devletin kendilerine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, binbir zorlukla kendilerine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan devlet-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yard\u0131mlar\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zleriyle g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Bu nedenle, deprem-sonras\u0131 yeniden imar s\u00fcrecinde devletin kendilerine adil davranmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 not ettiler ve yaralar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir mekan aidiyeti temelinde sarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar\u0131n\u0131 belli ettiler. Mahalle ve k\u00f6ylerdeki duvarlara Arap\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak yaz\u0131lan \u201cBuraday\u0131z, gitmiyoruz\u201d slogan\u0131 do\u011faya ve kendilerini y\u00fcz\u00fcst\u00fc b\u0131rakan h\u00fck\u00fcmete meydan okuyan bir ifadeydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afet sonras\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve asimilasyonun ekonomi politi\u011fi <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afet-sonras\u0131 imar s\u00fcrecinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmelerin en yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imi toprak gasp\u0131d\u0131r. Toprak gasp\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan bir m\u00fccadele ve dayan\u0131\u015fma a\u011f\u0131 olan Uluslararas\u0131 Toprak Koalisyonu\u2019nun(1) tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de kad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u015fit haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eden; <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Afetten etkilenen toprak kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve \u00f6nceden bilgilendirilmi\u015f r\u0131zas\u0131na dayanmayan;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Kapsaml\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirmeye dayanmayan veya sosyal, ekonomik ve \u00e7evresel etkileri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eden; <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u0130stihdam ve sosyal haklar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131k ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 taahh\u00fctler i\u00e7eren \u015feffaf s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere dayanmayan; ve<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Etkili demokratik planlamaya, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z denetime ve etkilenen m\u00fclk sahiplerinin etkin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na dayanmayan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc istimlak, m\u00fclkiyet devri veya imtiyazlar toprak gasp\u0131 yoluyla m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Ekonomi-politik literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde, afet sonras\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmeyi ve onun bir bi\u00e7imi olan toprak gasp\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yonelik \u00fc\u00e7 yakla\u015f\u0131mdan s\u00f6zedilebilir. Afet Risk Y\u00f6netimi (AYM)<\/em> yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re afet-sonras\u0131 toprak gasp\u0131, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 ve ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenleyen kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n zay\u0131f olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur. Zay\u0131f m\u00fclkiyet kurumlar\u0131 ve afet bir araya gelince ya yeterli kay\u0131t olmamas\u0131 ya da varolan kay\u0131tlar\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131 nedeniyle afetzedeler kendi haklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlama olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirir; devlet ve devletin himayesindeki m\u00fcteahhitler, \u015firketler afetzedelerin m\u00fclk\u00fcne \u00e7\u00f6ker.  Bu literat\u00fcrde afet-sonras\u0131 toprak gasp\u0131 daha \u00e7ok teknik bir sorun olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu sorunun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in toprak m\u00fclkiyeti kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeterli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Afet-sonras\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmeyi daha \u00e7ok teknik bir sorun olarak g\u00f6ren AYM yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ancak m\u00fclkiyet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fanan m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve toprak gasp\u0131 olay\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir. Oysa bu t\u00fcr uygulamalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu m\u00fclkiyet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde ve m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan belgelere ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Bu t\u00fcr durumlar i\u00e7in Ele\u015ftirel Kalk\u0131nma \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 (EK\u00c7)<\/em> perspektifine ba\u015fvurmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    EK\u00c7 gelene\u011finden gelen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmeyi ve toprak gasp\u0131n\u0131 sermaye birikiminin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak a\u00e7\u0131klar. Bu perspektifte, m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve toprak gasp\u0131 maden, g\u0131da, enerji gibi girdilerin kapitalist \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci i\u00e7in g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gere\u011finin bir sonucudur. Ancak gerekli olan topraklar genellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticilerin m\u00fclkiyetinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, David Harvey\u2019in deyimiyle “m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme yoluyla birikim” i\u00e7in bu topraklar m\u00fclk sahiplerinin elinden zorla al\u0131n\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Madencilik ve enerji projeleriyle ilgili m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamadaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen, EK\u00c7 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131k arz eder. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6re m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinde \u00fclkedeki rejimin niteli\u011fi pek \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir; \u00f6nemli olan fakt\u00f6r, k\u00fcresel kapitalist ekonomi ve bu ekonominin istediklerini elde etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip sermaye \u015firketleridir. Sermaye birikimi odakl\u0131 bu yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda veya ayn\u0131 \u00fclkede zaman i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fclen m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayamaz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu t\u00fcr farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayabilmek ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ile asimilasyon aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi anlayabilmek i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ve afet b\u00f6lgesindeki ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7 ve \u00f6zelliklerine bakmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Bunu yapmaya en uygun yakla\u015f\u0131m, Naomi Klein\u2019\u0131n (2007) geni\u015f bir okuyucu \u00e7evresine ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Felaket Kapitalizmi (FK) <\/em>yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Bu perspektife g\u00f6re, afet sonras\u0131nda m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve toprak gasp\u0131 bir yandan neo-liberal sermaye birikiminin bir gere\u011fidir. Di\u011fer yandan, neo-liberal ideoljiyle hareket eden h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin afet b\u00f6lgesini kendi imajlar\u0131nda yeniden in\u015fa etme tercihlerini yans\u0131t\u0131r. Bu tercihlerde temel y\u00f6n, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin afet b\u00f6lgesinde risk kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri etnik\/dinsel topluluklar\u0131 marjinalize etmek, bu topluluklar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini yeniden \u00fcretmelerini olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lan ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu nedenle, afet sonras\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan imar planlar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi yerel halk\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na kapal\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir \u00f6zelligi, eski ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 bir halk\u0131n maddi ve manevi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yeniden \u00fcretti\u011fi mekanlar olarak g\u00f6rmek yerine; y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeniden sermayelendirilmesi<\/em> gereken tehlikeli alanlar olarak g\u00f6rmesidir. \u201cAfete dayan\u0131kl\u0131\u201d ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 kurmak bahanesiyle yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya empoze edilen bu imar planlar\u0131 sermaye birikimini h\u0131zland\u0131rma amac\u0131na ek olarak tarihsel, \u0131rksal, etnik ve \u00e7evresel yap\u0131y\u0131 darmada\u011f\u0131n edecek silah olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve asimilasyonun \u2018hukuksal\u2019 \u00e7ev\u00e7evesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Depremden sonra, AKP rejiminin felaket kapitalizmi modeliyle uyumlu ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 24 \u015eubat tarihli Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan 126 say\u0131l\u0131 karanamedir. \u201cOla\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Kapsam\u0131nda Yerle\u015fme ve Yap\u0131la\u015fmaya \u0130li\u015fkin Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u201d olarak yay\u0131nlayan bu karanameye g\u00f6re afet b\u00f6lgelerinde ge\u00e7ici veya kesin isk\u00e2n alanlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme yetkisi tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na verilmi\u015ftir. Mera ve orman alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bakanl\u0131k karar\u0131yla yerle\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011fi; bu alanlarda plan ve imar uygulamalar\u0131 beklenmeksizin jeolojik zemin et\u00fctleri yap\u0131l\u0131p in\u015faata ba\u015flanabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kararnameye g\u00f6re bakanl\u0131k, \u0130mar Kanunu\u2019nda varolan plan, parselasyon, ilan, itiraz vb h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygulamayabilir; ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyeti ve imar haklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen veya tamamen ba\u015fka bir alana aktarabilir; ve bu haklar\u0131 takas, trampa i\u015flemlerine konu edebilir. \u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyete tabi b\u00fct\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in bakanl\u0131k devir ve acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131 alabilir; m\u00fclk k\u0131ymet takdiri beklenmeksizin in\u015fa faaliyetlerine ba\u015flayabilir. Etkilenen m\u00fclk sahipleri kamula\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131na de\u011fil, sadece bedeline itiraz edilebilecektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu kararname deprem b\u00f6lgesinde in\u015faat sermayesi lehine hukuksuzlu\u011fun \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f; yeniden imar\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131yla ilgili ciddi mu\u011flakl\u0131klar, riskler ve oldu-bittilerle dolu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 haline getirmi\u015ftir. Kararnamenin zamanlamas\u0131 da felaket kapitazmi perspetifindeki \u015fok doktriniyle tam bir uyum g\u00f6stermektedir. Devlet, hala deprem travmas\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan yerel halk\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne yeni bir felaket salm\u0131\u015f; ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde kendini merkeze koymu\u015f; orada ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imlerini, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini hesaba katmaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belli etmi\u015ftir. Devlet hem sermaye i\u00e7in yeni birikim imkanlar\u0131 yaratmay\u0131 hem de yereli kendi \u00f6nceliklerine g\u00f6re, \u015feffafl\u0131ktan ve denetimden uzak bir bi\u00e7imde, \u015fekillendirmeyi hedefledi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belli etmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tma yolunda ikinci ad\u0131m, 5 Nisan 2023 tarihli Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan 7033 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesidir. Bu kararnameyle, Antakya\u2019n\u0131n tarihi merkezini kapsayan 307 hektarl\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm riskli alana \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Bu alan, Antakya\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-tarihsel kimli\u011fini y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131yan, bug\u00fcne ula\u015ft\u0131ran mekanlar\u0131 ve ibadet yerlerini kapsamaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bu tarihi merkezin bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131 olarak yeniden in\u015fa edilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylense de neyin, kim taraf\u0131ndan, nas\u0131l in\u015fa edilece\u011fine dair \u015feffaf, g\u00fcvenilir bilgi edinmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00c7ok-k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ve \u00e7ok-dinli yerel halk\u0131n s\u00fcre\u00e7ten d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131, yeniden in\u015fa edilecek merkezin yaln\u0131zca rant kayna\u011f\u0131 bir turizm destinasyonu olarak tahayy\u00fcl edildi\u011fine dair ku\u015fkular\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ad\u0131m Antakya ve Defne\u2019de depremden zarar g\u00f6ren 207 hektarl\u0131k yerle\u015fim alan\u0131n\u0131n rezerv yap\u0131 alan\u0131 ilan edilmesidir. 9 Kas\u0131m 2023\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe giren yasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine g\u00f6re, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc t\u00fcm alanlar rezerv yap\u0131 alan\u0131 ilan edilebilecek; rezerv yap\u0131 alan\u0131 ilan edilen yerler kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131p yerine yeni yap\u0131lar kurulabilecek. Bu yasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yaln\u0131zca Antakya\u2019yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil; ancak ilk uygulamas\u0131 Arap Alevi halk\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Antakya ve Defne oldu. \u0130kinci uygulamas\u0131, bir ay sonra yine Arap Alevilerin \u00e7o\u011funluk oldu\u011fu Samanda\u011f\u2019da oldu. Yerel baro \u00fcyesi hukuk\u00e7ular bu uygulamalar\u0131n anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bu yasayla beraber ki\u015filerin anayasayla g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n riskli hale geldi\u011fini, en az\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Depremzede derne\u011fi de yasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin ki\u015filerin m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesi, bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerden al\u0131n\u0131p k\u0131rsal alanlara yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve de\u011ferli yerlerin ranta a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi uygulamalara yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dikmece direni\u015fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Depremden hemen sonra yay\u0131nlanan 126 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme karanamesi kapsam\u0131nda ilk toprak gasp\u0131 yap\u0131lan yerler Arap Alevilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fclderen mahallesi oldu. \u015eehir hastanesi kurmak amac\u0131yla, G\u00fclderen halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclklerinin aceleyle kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n imzas\u0131yla 14 Nisan 2023\u2019te Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nland\u0131. Duruma tepki g\u00f6steren G\u00fclderen halk\u0131, karar\u0131n kendileri i\u00e7in ikinci bir deprem oldu\u011funu, depremin y\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 devletin y\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttiler. Hastahane in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in yak\u0131nda alternatif devlet arazisi ve AKP kodamanlar\u0131n\u0131n villalar\u0131n\u0131n yerald\u0131\u011f\u0131 alternatif alanlar olmas\u0131na ragmen, G\u00fclderen halk\u0131n\u0131n itiraz ve protestolar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetin toprak gasp\u0131n\u0131 engelleyemedi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00fclderen\u2019deki m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme hamlesi Antakya ve civar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Arap Aleviler i\u00e7in beklenmedik bir durum de\u011fildi. Nitekim, Dikmece halk\u0131 tam o s\u0131ralarda Toplu Konut \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (TOK\u0130\u2019nin) \u00f6zel \u015firkete verdi\u011fi ihale kapsam\u0131nda kamula\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131n\u0131 bekliyordu. Tar\u0131m arazilerinin  gasp\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen bu operasyonu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ilk protestolar\u0131n\u0131 22 May\u0131s\u2019ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Dikmece halk\u0131n\u0131n direni\u015fi o g\u00fcnden bu yana yedi ayd\u0131r s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dikmece direni\u015fi, medyada ve sosyal medyada \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde yer ald\u0131. Direni\u015fle ilgili haberler, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin TOK\u0130 ve \u00f6zel m\u00fcteahhitlik \u015firketinin istekleri do\u011frultusunda Dikmece halk\u0131na \u015fiddet uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, halk\u0131n bu \u015fiddete ra\u011fmen direni\u015fe devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Dikmece halk\u0131n\u0131n bu direni\u015fi, afet-sonras\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve toprak gasp\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki karakterini ve bu karakterle AKP ideolojisi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi\u2019nin (\u0130HD\u2019nin) 18 A\u011fustos 2023 tarihli Dikmece Raporu(2) hem direni\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00f6zlemleri hem de devletin ihlal etti\u011fi haklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferli bilgiler i\u00e7eriyor. Bu nedenle, yaz\u0131n\u0131n bundan sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130HD\u2019nin bu raporuna \u00e7ok \u015fey bor\u00e7lu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130HD Raporu, Dikmece sakinleri ile yap\u0131lan birebir ve toplu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere; yerelde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fcten baz\u0131 siyasi parti, sendika, meslek odalar\u0131, Hatay barosu ve sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 temsilcilerinden al\u0131nan bilgilere dayan\u0131yor. Direni\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u00f6yledikleri, yukar\u0131da kitabi a\u00e7\u0131dan ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z afet-sonras\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve toprak gasp\u0131 riskini, bu riskin kendi ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan anlama geldi\u011fini \u00e7ok iyi bildiklerini g\u00f6steriyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmecilerden birisi, devletin deprem-sonras\u0131 zorunlu istimlak karar\u0131n\u0131n Dikmeceliler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201c\u015eu an depremden dolay\u0131 zaten insanlar evsiz. \u2026 Sabah kalk\u0131yoruz bak\u0131yoruz E-devlet\u2019e, tapumuz yok, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca bize bilgi de verilmiyor.\u201d Di\u011fer bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeci \u015f\u00f6yle feryat ediyor: \u201c30 y\u0131l  Arabistan\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, buraya yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131m, araziler ald\u0131m. 700 zeytin a\u011fac\u0131m var. 30 ki\u015fi ge\u00e7iniyoruz. Torunlar\u0131m, gelinlerim, o\u011fullar\u0131m hepsinin ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 bu<\/em>. B\u00fct\u00fcn arazilerim kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Biz ne yapar<\/em>\u0131z? Bu adil mi<\/em>?\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeci bir kad\u0131n ve devletin politikas\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini kendi ya\u015fam mekanlar\u0131nda nas\u0131l m\u00fclteci konumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fu sekilde anlat\u0131yor: \u201cBen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131 arazilerimden elde etti\u011fim gelirle okutuyorum. T\u00fcm ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131m kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ben bir anneyim inan\u0131n  a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7ocu\u011fumuz gibi bak\u0131yoruz. \u00c7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc bir durum bu.  Kendi topraklar\u0131m\u0131zda m\u00fclteci konumuna d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dikmeceliler, devletin m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme operasyonunun kimliklerinin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan nas\u0131l bir tehlike olu\u015fturdu\u011funu da \u00e7ok iyi biliyorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeci \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015fuyor: \u201cBu topraklarda do\u011fdum bu topraklarda b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcm<\/em>, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilikle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorum. \u2026 Kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan yerlerin imar plan\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda binlerce d\u00f6n\u00fcm tar\u0131m arazisi yok oluyor. \u2026 Hem depremzedeyiz hem de ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131za el konuluyor<\/em>.\u201d Di\u011fer bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeci \u201c\u2026 Hatay\u2019da herkes bilir, bizim buran\u0131n as\u0131rl\u0131k zeytinleri var, Arap\u00e7ayla SAVRAN\u0130 diyoruz. \u00c7ok kalitelidir. \u2026 Arazilerimizi k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc terk etmek istemiyoruz, milyonlarca lira verseler de bu topraklardan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczden kopmak istemiyoruz<\/em>.\u201d \u0130HD raporunda olmayan ama direni\u015f s\u00fcrecinde Art\u0131 Ger\u00e7ek<\/em>gazetesine konu\u015fan bir kad\u0131n durumu \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetliyor: \u201cBize resmen buradan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n gidin diyorlar. … Biz \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n asimile olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemiyoruz. Buradaki demografik yap\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek istedikleri, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u015fikar. Buraday\u0131z, gitmiyoruz!<\/em>“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yukar\u0131daki al\u0131nt\u0131lar Dikmece halk\u0131n\u0131n afet-sonras\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde oldu\u011funu, bu politikalar\u0131n AKP ideolojisinin renklerini ta\u015f\u0131yan versiyonunu \u00e7ok iyi okudu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bu do\u011fru okuma ve hakl\u0131 olduklar\u0131na dair inan\u00e7 deprem \u015fokuna ra\u011fmen direni\u015fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerinin temel nedenidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130HD’nin bulgular\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesi, devletin a\u00e7\u0131k bir m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ihlali i\u015fledi\u011fini, bu ihlalin akt\u00f6rlerinin h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkileri, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri, TOK\u0130 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen m\u00fcteahhitlik \u015firketleridir. Bu anlamda, devletin Dikmece\u2019deki istimlak operasyonuyla g\u00fcndeme gelen m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme hem afet-sonras\u0131 sermaye birikimi perpsektifiyle hem de \u015fok doktrini tezine dayal\u0131 felaket kapitalizmi perspektifiyle uyumludur. Ayr\u0131ca, felaket kapitalizmindeki marjinalle\u015ftirme tezine uygun olarak, Arap Alevilerin ya\u015fam mekanlar\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen bu m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve toprak gasp\u0131 operasyonunun asimilasyon amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekiyor. \u0130HD\u2019yle veya bas\u0131nla konu\u015fan Dikmecelilerin hemen hemen hepsinin sordu\u011fu \u015fu soru nedeniyle, bu saptama daha da anlaml\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r: Dikmece y\u00f6resinde ormanl\u0131k vasf\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f orman arazileri ve hazineye ait devlet arazileri mevcutken, devlet neden Dikmeceliler\u2019in ge\u00e7im ve ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 zorla istimlak etmektedir?<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Direni\u015fin hukuki boyutu ve olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalara kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fe ba\u015flayan Dikmeceliler; tar\u0131m arazilerine ve zeytinliklerine el koyma kararlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmesinin durdurulmas\u0131 ve iptali talebiyle 25 Eyl\u00fcl 2023\u2019de dava a\u00e7t\u0131. Hatay 3’\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130dare Mahkemesi, 7 Kas\u0131m 2023’te davay\u0131 ele ald\u0131. Uygulanmas\u0131 halinde, el koyma i\u015fleminin telafisi g\u00fc\u00e7 zararlar do\u011furabilmesi nedeniyle mahkeme oybirli\u011fiyle y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verdi. Bu karara g\u00f6re, Dikmece\u2019deki m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme operasyonu daval\u0131 idarenin (yani Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n) savunmas\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131p yeni bir ara karar al\u0131n\u0131ncaya kadar durduruldu. Daval\u0131 taraflar, yani Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve TOK\u0130, y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi durdurmaya itiraz ettiler; ancak 3. \u0130dare Mahkemesi itiraz\u0131 reddetti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi durdurma karar\u0131na ragmen, TOK\u0130 27 Aral\u0131k 2023’te jandarma e\u015fli\u011finde i\u015f makineleriyle Dikmecelilerin m\u00fclklerine girmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131nca, Dikmece halk\u0131 tekrar direni\u015f ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine i\u015f makineleri geri \u00e7ekilmek durumunda kald\u0131. Bakanl\u0131k ve TOK\u0130, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131na tekrar itiraz etti ve mahkeme daha \u00f6nce alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi durdurma karar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131! M\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme plan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an bu karara ra\u011fmen, H\u00fck\u00fcmet Dikmecilelerin savundu\u011fu zeytinlik ve tar\u0131m arazilerine \u015fu ana kadar tekrar i\u015f makinesi g\u00f6ndermedi. Bunun bir nedeni Dikmecelilerin kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise, di\u011fer nedeni yaka\u015fan yerel se\u00e7imler \u00f6ncesinde h\u00fck\u00fcmetin imaj kayg\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7teki en son geli\u015fme Hatay 3’\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130dare Mahkemesinin 2 Ocak 2024\u2019teki ara karar duru\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu duru\u015fmada, Dikmecelilerin avukatlar\u0131ndan Ecevit Alkan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmenin gerek\u00e7esi olarak sundu\u011fu \u2018kamu yarar\u0131\u2019 arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131 redetti. Avukat Alkan, Dikmece\u2019nin tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ve sosyal ili\u015fkileri ile ya\u015fayan bir k\u00f6y oldu\u011funu; bu k\u00f6y\u00fcn sosyal, siyasal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131nda kamunun hi\u00e7bir yarar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Ayr\u0131ca, bug\u00fcne kadar aceleyle al\u0131nan imar kararlar\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumlu bir s\u0131nav vermedi\u011fini dile getirdi. Depremden sonraki 11 ay i\u00e7inde,  toplam 300 bin konuta ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan Antakya ve \u00e7evresinde h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u2018ivedi imar\u2019 politikas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca 6 bin konut \u00fcretebilmi\u015ftir! “Demek ki \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket etmenin kamuya yarar\u0131 da yok\u201d diyen Avukat Alkan, 7452 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini, bu nedenle Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtti. \u0130dare mahkemesinin anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan bu kanunu resen Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ne g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesini talep etti.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Mahkemede ifade veren Dikmeceliler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Dikmece\u2019deki \u0131srar\u0131n\u0131n 7452 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan m\u00fclkiyet gasplar\u0131n\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rma kayg\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; bunun t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye halk\u0131n\u0131n aleyhine olan bir durum oldu\u011funu; bu nedenle Dikmecedeki uydu kent projelerinin iptal edilmesini beklediklerini dile getirdiler. Hatay 3’\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130dare Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131 bir dahaki duru\u015fmaya erteledi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, hukuk s\u00fcrecinin bir sonucu m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme operasyonunun ge\u00e7ici de olsa durudurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kazan\u0131m Dikmece direni\u015finin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7tur. Ancak, mahkemenin y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6nmesi nedeniyle, hukuk s\u00fcreci ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ve TOK\u0130\u2019nin uygun ilk firsatta yeniden sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7mesinin de \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlamda, Dikmecelilerin m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesi ve marjinalle\u015ftirilmesi tehlikesi hala ciddidir. Bu tehlikenin ciddyetini g\u00f6steren ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00f6rneklerden birisi \u0130stanbul Sulukule\u2019deki m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme operasyonudur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130stanbul\u2019da y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bir tarihe sahip olan ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski Roman yerle\u015fimlerinden biri say\u0131lan Sulukule, 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinin sonunda bug\u00fcn tamamen y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Orada ya\u015fayan Romanlar hem m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirildi hem de k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini yeniden \u00fcretebilecekleri bir mek\u00e2ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Bu m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinde hukuksal boyut Dikmece \u00f6rne\u011fiyle benzerlik g\u00f6stermektedir. M\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve y\u0131k\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 dava 2006\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 2019\u2019da kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projesi iptal ediliyor! Ne var ki, aradan ge\u00e7en 13 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde devlet g\u00fcc\u00fc istedi\u011fini elde etmi\u015f oldu ve eski Sulukuleden iz kalmad\u0131! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S\u00fcrecin ba\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fclk sahibi olan, ancak kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projesi nedeniyle m\u00fclkleri zorla ellerinden al\u0131narak m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilen Sulukuleliler  2019\u2019daki karar ra\u011fmen art\u0131k m\u00fclk veya hak sahibi say\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, projenin hukuksuz oldu\u011fu tescillenmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Romanlar art\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131 aramak ve ba\u015flar\u0131na gelen felaketin hesab\u0131n\u0131 sormak i\u00e7in ‘ehliyet’ sahibi de\u011filler!  Bu \u00f6rnek Dimece\u2019de ve Antakya,  Defne, Samanda\u011f\u2019\u0131n tehdit alt\u0131ndaki mahallelerinde ya\u015fayan Arap Alevilere y\u00f6nelik tehlikenin ciddiyetini g\u00f6stermektedir. Genel olarak t\u00fcm Arap Aleviler i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu olan bu tehlike, Alevi toplum i\u00e7inde birikimi olmayan dezavantajl\u0131 kesimler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha ciddidir. Hukuksal s\u00fcreci manip\u00fcle etmede usta bir devlet \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve asimilasyon tehlikesini bertaraf etmenin en etkili yolu Dikmece direni\u015fini desteklemek; bu direni\u015fi Antakya,  Defne ve Samanda\u011f\u2019\u0131n m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilme tehdidi alt\u0131ndaki di\u011fer mahallelerine yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sonu\u00e7 yerine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda belirtti\u011fimiz gibi, toprak gasp\u0131 yoluyla m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme yeni ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00f6zg\u00fc bir fenomen de\u011fildir. \u00d6zellikle neo-liberal ideolojiye sahip devletlerin zora dayal\u0131 sermaye birikimi i\u00e7in s\u0131k s\u0131k ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bu y\u00f6ntemin kurbanlar\u0131 genellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck m\u00fclk sahiplerinden ve devletin zaten halihaz\u0131rda tehlike olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc az\u0131nl\u0131klardan olu\u015fur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u015eubat depremi sonras\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye tam yetki veren yasa de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131lan m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmenin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zelli\u011fi Arap Alevilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Antakya, Defne ve Samanda\u011f b\u00f6lgesini hedeflemesidir. Bu durum, zaten T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131ndaki pozisyonu nedeniyle kendilerini g\u00fcvende hissetmeyen Arap Alevilerin d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmektedir.  Dikmece halk\u0131, hem alg\u0131lananan ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131\/asimilasyoncu politikalar\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirmek hem de ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 mekanlarda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dini kimliklerini yeniden \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in mekansal aidiyete ve ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 savunmaya dayal\u0131 yerel \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin de\u011ferli bir \u00f6rne\u011fini hayata ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yararlan\u0131lan kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Harvey, D. 2001. \u201cGlobalization and the spatial fix (K\u00fcreselle\u015fme ve mekansal oyunlar)\u201d. Geographische Revue<\/em>, 2(3), s. 23-31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Harvey, D. 2010. Social Justice and the City (Toplumsal Adalet ve Kent) (Cilt 1)<\/em>. Georgia \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi. 2023. https:\/\/www.ihd.org.tr\/acele-kamulastirma-kapsamina-alinan-ve-toplu-konut-idaresi-baskanliginca-toki-konut-yapilmasi-planlanan-hatayin-antakya-ilcesine-bagli-dikmece-mahallesindeki-yasanan-hak-ihlallerini-izle\/. 18 A\u011fustos 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Klein, N. 2007. The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism (\u015eok Doktrini: Felaket Kapitalizminin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi)<\/em>. Macmillan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Lightman, T. M. (2020). Dispo\u015fe\u015fed: Exploring the Factors That Enable Post-Disaster Land Grabs (M\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilenler: Afet Sonras\u0131nda Arazi Gasp\u0131n\u0131 M\u00fcmk\u00fcn K\u0131lan Fakt\u00f6rler)<\/em>, Lund Universitesi, Risk Y\u00f6netimi ve Toplum G\u00fcvenli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Lisans\u00fcst\u00fc Tezi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Young, T. (2021).\u00a0Publicly Subsidized Disasters: Disaster Recovery and Dispo\u015fe\u015fion in Houston-Galveston<\/em>. The Pennsylvania State University. PhD Thesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

    [1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/d3o3cb4w253x5q.cloudfront.net\/media\/documents\/Tirana_Declaration_2011_EN.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0https:\/\/www.ihd.org.tr\/acele-kamulastirma-kapsamina-alinan-ve-toplu-konut-idaresi-baskanliginca-toki-konut-yapilmasi-planlanan-hatayin-antakya-ilcesine-bagli-dikmece-mahallesindeki-yasanan-hak-ihlallerini-izle\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (Bu yaz\u0131 Ehlen Dergisi’nin 3. Say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dergideki ba\u015fl\u0131kta Dikmece yerine sehven \u00c7ekmece yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okurlar\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00f6z\u00fcr dileriz.<\/em>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mehmet U\u011fur, Ekonomi ve Kurumlar Profes\u00f6r\u00fc, Greenwich \u00dcniversitesiBar\u0131\u015f Can, Siyaset Bilimi Uzman\u0131 Geni\u015f bir literat\u00fcr, afet-sonras\u0131 yeniden imar s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin devlet eliyle birer ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu t\u00fcr operasyonlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme ihtimali,  zenginlere hizmet eden neo-liberal ekonomi politikalar\u0131 izleyen, etnik ve dinsel az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 bast\u0131rmaya ve marjinalize etme\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve me\u015fruiyetini rant temelli bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":442,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8,7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-440","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-guncel","8":"category-siyaset"},"yoast_head":"\nAfet Sonras\u0131 M\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme, Asimilasyon ve Dikmece Direni\u015fi - ehlen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Geni\u015f bir literat\u00fcr, afet-sonras\u0131 yeniden imar s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin devlet eliyle birer ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k ve 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