{"id":659,"date":"2024-11-12T12:12:32","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T12:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/?p=659"},"modified":"2024-11-12T12:12:33","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T12:12:33","slug":"gassan-kanafani-ve-filistin-direnis-edebiyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/12\/gassan-kanafani-ve-filistin-direnis-edebiyati\/","title":{"rendered":"\u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee ve Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Av. Sena Akparlak
Prof. Mehmet U\u011fur, Greenwich \u00dcniversitesi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131sa ama Filistin Dolu Bir Ya\u015fam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee (\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a) 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Filistin’in Akka kentinde do\u011fdu. 12 ya\u015f\u0131na girdi\u011finde, \u0130ngiliz manda y\u00f6netiminin deste\u011fini arkas\u0131na alan Siyonist i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7leri Akka dahil Filistin topraklar\u0131n\u0131n %78\u2019ini i\u015fgal etti. 9 Nisan 1948\u2019deki B\u00fcy\u00fck Felaket<\/em>\u2019in (Nakba<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n) do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcne rast gelmesi nedeniyle, do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bir daha hi\u00e7 kutlamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mossad taraf\u0131ndan suikastla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1972 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee ve ailesi y\u00fczbinlerce Filistinli gibi m\u00fclteci olarak ya\u015far. M\u00fcltecili\u011fin ilk y\u0131lar\u0131nda, \u015eam’da bir yandan ailesine yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in matbaada \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r di\u011fer yandan gece e\u011fitimi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. 1952\u2019de Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Filistinli M\u00fcltecilere Yard\u0131m Ajans\u0131’n\u0131n (UNRWA) \u00f6\u011fretmenlik sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ve m\u00fclteci kamp\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.200 Filistinli \u00e7ocu\u011fun bulundu\u011fu okulda sanat \u00f6\u011fretmeni olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Kendisinin ve \u00f6\u011frencilerinin i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 durumu anlamaya ve anlamland\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik k\u0131sa \u00f6yk\u00fcler yazmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 bu d\u00f6neme denk gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1953\u2019te Arap Milliyet\u00e7ileri Hareketi (AMH)<\/em> kurucular\u0131ndan George Haba\u015f\u2019la tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve AMH \u00fcyesi olur.\u00a0 Politik faaliyetleri nedeniyle \u015eam \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden at\u0131lan Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee, 1956’da Kuveyt’e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve 1957\u2019de, hen\u00fcz 21 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, AMH\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 El-Ra’i<\/em>‘ (G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f<\/em>) gazetesinin edit\u00f6r\u00fc olur.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

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George Haba\u015f’\u0131n tavsiyesi \u00fczerine 1960\u2019da Beyrut’a ta\u015f\u0131nan Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee burada AMH’nin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 El-Hurriya’<\/em>n\u0131n (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/em>) edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmaya ba\u015flar. 1961’de Danimarkal\u0131 e\u011fitimci ve \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131 aktivisti Anni H\u00f8ver ile evlenir. 1962-66 aras\u0131nda Nas\u0131rc\u0131 gazete El-Muharrir<\/em>‘in (Kurtar\u0131c\u0131<\/em>) ve bu gazetenin haftal\u0131k eki Filastin<\/em>\u2019in (Filistin<\/em>) edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1967’de El-Anwar<\/em>‘\u0131n (Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019<\/em>n\u0131n) edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaparken Filistin Halk Kurtulu\u015f Cephesi’ne (FHKC) kat\u0131l\u0131r. 1969\u2019da El Anwar<\/em>\u2019dan istifa eder ve FHKC’nin haftal\u0131k dergisi El-Hedef<\/em>‘in edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmaya ba\u015flar. FHKC\u2019nin kurulu\u015f manifestosunu kaleme alan Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee, ayn\u0131 zamanda FHKC’nin s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapan polit-b\u00fcro \u00fcyesiydi.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

8 Temmuz 1972’de Beyrut\u2019ta Mossad taraf\u0131ndan suikastle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee hen\u00fcz 36 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. Danimarka k\u00f6kenli e\u015fi Anni H\u00f8ver\u2019in \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019yle ilgili s\u00f6zleri aktar\u0131lmaya de\u011fer: \u201cOn y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce L\u00fcbnan’a Filistin sorununu ‘incelemek’ i\u00e7in geldim. Sende Filistin’i, topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve halk\u0131n\u0131 buldum ve evlili\u011fimiz sayesinde Filistin’in bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldum\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee, Kocam, \u00d6\u011fretmenim <\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir kitap yazan Anni, h\u00e2l\u00e2 L\u00fcbnan’da ya\u015f\u0131yor ve L\u00fcbnan’daki 12 Filistin kamp\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131s\u0131nda anaokullar\u0131, \u00e7ocuk k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri, \u00f6zel gereksinimli \u00e7ocuklara destek merkezleri ve t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuklara y\u00f6nelik faaliyetleri \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee K\u00fclt\u00fcr Vakf\u0131<\/em>‘n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131 fikrinin mimar\u0131 olarak Kanafani<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin Filistin ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019daki kurtulu\u015f hareketine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 politik katk\u0131lar\u0131 ve b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 miras\u0131 daha sonraki yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda ele almay\u0131 umuyoruz. Bu yaz\u0131daki amac\u0131m\u0131z, Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin Filistin direni\u015f edebiyat\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki \u00f6nemli katk\u0131y\u0131 okuyucular\u0131m\u0131zla payla\u015fmak. Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan birincisi, Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131<\/em> fikrini kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve bu kavram\u0131 t\u00fcm Filistinli yazar ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 kucaklayan bir birlikteli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi. Bu katk\u0131y\u0131 ba\u011flama oturtmak i\u00e7in, Filistin ve d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden Elias Khoury\u2019den bir saptama ve bir anekdotla ba\u015flamak istiyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khoury\u2019nin saptamas\u0131 s\u00f6yle: \u201cFilistin direni\u015f dilini kuran iki ki\u015fiden biri \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019dir; di\u011feri de Filistin’in en se\u00e7kin \u015fairi olarak kabul edilen ve yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 30\u2019a yak\u0131n \u015fiir kitab\u0131 yirmiden fazla dile \u00e7evrilen Mahmut Dervi\u015f\u2019tir. Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee Filistin hikayesini dilde kurarken, Dervi\u015f bu hik\u00e2yeyi lirik bir destan halinde kristalle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n

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Khoury\u2019nin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 anekdot, Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden hemen sonra Mahmut Dervi\u015f ile \u015fair Kemal Nas\u0131r aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en bir diyalogla ilgili. Dervi\u015f\u2019in Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131t\u0131 okuyan Nas\u0131r, Dervi\u015f\u2019i evinde ziyaret eder ve a\u011f\u0131tla ilgili duygular\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde dile getirir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBundan sonra bir \u015fair daha ne yazabilir? Benim \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u0131ram geldi\u011finde s\u00f6yleyece\u011fin ne kald\u0131?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne yaz\u0131k ki, Kemal Nas\u0131r\u2019\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131 erken geldi.  Bir y\u0131l sonra, 1973\u2019te, daha sonra \u0130srail ter\u00f6r devletinin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 olmakla \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilen Ehud Barak\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi ba\u015fka bir Israil suikast\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131 oldu. Yan\u0131nda iki El-Fetih \u00fcyesiyle birlikte. Y\u00fcre\u011findeki ac\u0131y\u0131 \u015fiire d\u00f6ken Dervi\u015f Filistin D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em> olarak bilinen a\u011f\u0131t\u0131 onlar i\u00e7in yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nas\u0131r\u2019\u0131n deyimiyle, Mahmut Dervi\u015f\u2019in Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131t\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn bitti\u011fi noktay\u0131 temsil etmesinin \u00f6nemli bir nedeni var: Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee, Mahmut Dervi\u015f gibi i\u015fgal at\u0131ndaki Filistin topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015famaya devam eden Filistinli sanat\u00e7\u0131larla s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde ya\u015fayan sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 birle\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik ilk ulusal direni\u015f edebiyat\u0131 cephesinin mimar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in, i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda ya\u015famaya devam eden Filistinli yazar ve \u015fairleri d\u0131\u015flama e\u011filimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmesi gerekiyordu. Bu m\u00fccadelenin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131, 1966\u2019da Gazze\u2019de toplanan Filistinli Yazarlar Birli\u011fi konferans\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmayd\u0131. Bu konu\u015fmada, i\u015fgal b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015famaya devam eden, bu nedenle ana-ak\u0131m Filistin bas\u0131n\u0131nda ve ders kitaplar\u0131nda sans\u00fcrlenen Celile Yazarlar\u0131<\/em>\u2019na sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Mahmut Dervi\u015f, Tefik Zeyyad, Semih El-Kas\u0131m, ve Fevzi El-Esmer gibi \u015fair ve yazarlar\u0131n Filistin kitaplar\u0131nda ve bilincinde unutulmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O kongre\u2019de haz\u0131r bulunan Filistinli \u015fair ve yazar Rasim El-Madhoun 2012\u2019de Jaddaliya dergisi i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makalede Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin kongreye getirdi\u011fi yeni havay\u0131 s\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cZay\u0131f ve yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 bir gen\u00e7, r\u00fcyay\u0131 and\u0131ran bir ortamda, r\u00fcyay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle birle\u015ftiren bir dille konu\u015fmak i\u00e7in k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bize “\u00f6teki taraftan”, yani i\u015fgal b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Celile \u015fairlerinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 “g\u00fczel” \u015fiirlerden s\u00f6z etti. \u2018Bas\u0131n\u0131m\u0131z bunu sans\u00fcrl\u00fcyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar art\u0131k bizim harabelerimizin \u00fczerine kurulan i\u015fgalci yap\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor\u2019  dedi. \u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra fark ettim ki, bu s\u00f6zler kitaplar\u0131m\u0131zdan, bas\u0131n\u0131m\u0131zdan ve bilincimizden kopar\u0131lan ve reddedilen Celile \u015fairlerine a\u00e7\u0131lan ilk ve en g\u00fczel portal\u0131 temsil eden bir kitab\u0131n [\u0130\u015fgal Alt\u0131ndaki Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131<\/em> kitab\u0131n\u0131n]<\/em> habercisiydi.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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Ger\u00e7ekte, \u0130\u015fgal Alt\u0131ndaki Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131<\/em> kitab\u0131 1966\u2019da yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee, i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda olsun olmas\u0131n t\u00fcm Filistin edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bir direni\u015f edebiyat\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtir. Onun i\u00e7in, direni\u015f edebiyat\u0131 ile silahl\u0131 direni\u015f m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir ve \u00f6nemli olan her ikisinin s\u00fcreklili\u011fidir. Bu nedenle, kavram\u0131 ilk kez 1966\u2019da \u00f6nerse bile, direni\u015f edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n 1930\u2019lara kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; bu edebiyata katk\u0131 yapanlar listesine 1930\u2019larda \u00fcr\u00fcn vermi\u015f \u0130brahim Tukan, Abd\u00fclkerim El-Karmi, ve Abdulrahim Mahmud gibi \u015fairleri de eklemek gerekti\u011fini belirtir. Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin bu kucaklay\u0131c\u0131 ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc giri\u015fimi hem Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hem de \u00f6zg\u00fcr Filistin \u00f6zlemi etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenen Filistin kimli\u011finin serpilmesi ve birbirini beslemesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir mecra a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131 fikrinin mimar\u0131 olarak Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin di\u011fer bir katk\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 olan ve yeni yeni \u00fcr\u00fcn vermeye ba\u015flayan Filistinli sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 bulmas\u0131; onlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na y\u00f6netti\u011fi yay\u0131nlarda yer vermesi, hatta ge\u00e7im sorunlar\u0131yla ilgilenmesidir. Bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan birisi, 1987\u2019de Ter\u00f6rist \u0130srail Devleti taraf\u0131ndan Londra\u2019da katledilen Naji Al-Ali\u2019dir.  Al-Ali, Filistin ve d\u00fcnya sanat literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde iyi bilinen Handala<\/em> kahraman\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Hanadala<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131 okuyucuya her zaman d\u00f6n\u00fckt\u00fcr, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u015fta gerici Arap rejimleri ve emperyalist rejimler olmak \u00fczere, Filistinlilerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sessiz kalan herkese k\u00fcsk\u00fcnd\u00fcr! Naji Al-Ali\u2019yi ilk ke\u015ffeden ve onun karikat\u00fcrlerini y\u00f6netti\u011fi El-Hurriya<\/em> gazetesinde ilk yay\u0131<\/a>nlayan \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra, \u00f6nde gelen Filistinli yazarlardan biri olan Mahmud El-Rimavi’yi ke\u015ffetti ve kendisine El-Hedef<\/em>‘in k\u00fclt\u00fcr b\u00f6l\u00fc<\/a>m\u00fcn\u00fcn sorumlulu\u011fu g\u00f6revini verdi. Filistinli \u015fair Ahmed Dahbour’un \u015fiirleri uzerine ilk k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131 Kanafani\u2019ye aittir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, 1978\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan Oryantalizm ele\u015ftirisiyle d\u00fcnya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunan Edward Said\u2019in yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ilk yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mecra Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin y\u00f6netemindeki El-Hedef <\/em>dergisi olmu\u015ftur. Filistin Halk Kurtulu\u015f Cephesi’nin medya ofisinde Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019yle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Irakl\u0131 film yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Qasem Hawal, Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee’nin Filistin direni\u015f edebiyat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunu Gazete\u2019nin b\u00f6l\u00fcm edit\u00f6rlerinin otoritesine sayg\u0131 duyarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 olarak Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1957\u2019de El-Ra’i<\/em>‘nin edit\u00f6r\u00fc olmas\u0131yla 1972\u2019de katledilmesi aras\u0131ndaki 15 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee yaln\u0131zca yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen ve Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n edebi ve siyasi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli yere sahip olan be\u015f gazetenin edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmakla kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu zaman diliminde hem sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ciddi bir \u015fekilde tehdit eden y\u00fcksek diyabet hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmi\u015f hem de y\u00f6netti\u011fi gazete ve dergilerde yay\u0131nlanan y\u00fczlerce k\u00fclt\u00fcr, sanat ve g\u00fcncel politik analiz yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n da \u00f6tesinde, Filistin\u2019de 1936-1939 Devrimi<\/em> gibi \u00f6zg\u00fcn politik analiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131; Hayfa\u2019ya D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f<\/em>, G\u00fcne\u015fteki Adamlar<\/em>, H\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc Portakal \u00dclkesi<\/em> gibi roman ve hik\u00e2ye kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren yirmiye yak\u0131n kitap yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitaplar\u0131 18 dile \u00e7evrilip 20 \u00fclkede yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee, \u00f6yk\u00fclerinde karakter olu\u015fturmaya odaklanm\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu \u00e7evreyi detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tasvir etmi\u015ftir. Karakterler, \u00e7evreleriyle etkile\u015fim halindeyken birbirlerini de etkilemi\u015flerdir. \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee, net ve simgesel bir dille yazarak, hikayelerinde de\u011fi\u015fim ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a iletmeyi hedeflemi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde edebiyattan beklenen, toplumsal ve ekonomik sorunlar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirerek okuyucular\u0131 bilin\u00e7lendirmek ve devrimci de\u011fi\u015fimlere zemin haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131r. Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee, kendi travmalar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ajitasyona yer vermeksizin sade ve t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile g\u00f6stermeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin eserlerinde Filistinliler yard\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 insanlar olarak temsil edilmezler, onlar cesaret timsali ve onurludurlar. Onlar i\u00e7in ya\u015famak art\u0131k direnmektir. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131n bir getirisidir, maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ac\u0131lar \u00f6yk\u00fc ve romanlarda okuyucunun tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fi bir motiftir. Ama okuyucuya her bir c\u00fcmlede bu insanlar\u0131n dik duru\u015flar\u0131 ve direni\u015f\u00e7i ruhlar\u0131 \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Hem uzaklarda ya\u015fam kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hem de i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki topraklarda siyonistlerle m\u00fccadelelerinde Filistinliler direni\u015f ruhlar\u0131 ile temsil edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cesaret mekan gibi bir karakter olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cRamleden Bir Belge\u201d hikayesinde i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki topraklarda Ebu Osman normal bir insand\u0131r, basit hayalleri vard\u0131r. Y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren eme\u011fi ile edindi\u011fi berber d\u00fckkan\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve vakti geldi\u011finde ye\u015fillikler i\u00e7inde memleketindeki a\u011fa\u00e7lar alt\u0131nda g\u00f6m\u00fclmek. Siyonist ordusu k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irip kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcnce, sessiz bir cesaret \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6sterir ve direni\u015f\u00e7ilere adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 berber d\u00fckkan\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u0130srail askerleri ile birlikte patlat\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 alt\u0131nda g\u00f6m\u00fclecek bir bedeni bile kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; cesareti kendisinden sonra k\u00f6yde ya\u015fayanlara ilham olarak direni\u015fe \u00f6nderlik etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee Filistin sorununa \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 pencereden bakmam\u0131\u015f, hatta yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i Arap rejimlerini ele\u015ftiren bir tutum tak\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sorunun bir Yahudi problemi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndad\u0131r. Buna dikkat \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in Tayradan Bir Belge<\/em> isimli eserinde b\u00f6lgedeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sebebi olarak siyonist provakat\u00f6rleri hedefe koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistin Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee, 1950 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren b\u00f6lgenin ger\u00e7e\u011fine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmu\u015ftur. \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee, edebi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n odak noktas\u0131n\u0131, Filistin’in karma\u015f\u0131k durumunu anlamak ve Filistinli kimli\u011finin derinliklerini ke\u015ffetmek olarak belirlemi\u015ftir. Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee’nin eserleri, Filistin ve diasporada ya\u015fayan s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n trajedisine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutarak tarihi bir belge niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u201cS\u0131n\u0131rlardan Daha Uzakta\u201d isimli \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu ifadeler \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ; \u201cFilistinlileri nesli t\u00fckenmeden \u00f6nce ziyaret edin<\/em>.\u201d Direnirken \u00f6len Filistinliler neredeyse Afrikadaki Kar\u0131ncalar gibidir; geriden gelenler ilerleyebilsinler diye \u00e7ukara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp \u00f6lmeyi g\u00f6ze almak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yazar, kaleminin silaha tercih edilen bir g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011funu ve edebi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya genelinde ses getirdi\u011fini kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece de \u201cFilistinin hi\u00e7 ate\u015f etmemi\u015f komandosu\u201d olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserlerindeki karakterler s\u0131radan insanlar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee Filistinli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, erkeklerin, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ustaca i\u015flemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eserleriyle tarihinin belle\u011fini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131yan \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee k\u0131sa \u00f6mr\u00fcnde etkisi hala s\u00fcren devrimci direni\u015f ve hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131ran cesaret \u00f6rne\u011fi sunuyor. \u201cYe\u015fil ve K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde direni\u015fin s\u00fcrekli yendiden do\u011faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir bebe\u011fin do\u011fumu metaforu \u00fczerinden anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde Filistin direni\u015finde bir gen\u00e7 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybederken ba\u015fka bir yerde bir bebek do\u011far, bebek \u015fu \u015fekilde tasvir edilmi\u015ftir; \u201cTarih boyunca g\u00fc\u00e7lenen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck t\u0131rnaklar\u0131 demir gibidir. Engeller, ate\u015fli co\u015fkusuna engel olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGazzeden Bir Belge\u201d isimli \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde, Filistin\u2019i b\u0131rak\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya giden bir arkada\u015f\u0131na \u015funlar\u0131 yazan kahraman\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Filistin\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in herkese g\u00f6rev d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vurgusunu yinelemi\u015ftir Kanafani:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBize geri d\u00f6n, ger\u00e7ek hayat\u0131n ve bedelinin ne oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6n\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Al\u0131nt\u0131lanan \u00f6rneklerden de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile Filistin direni\u015fini t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile anlat\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda devrimci kimli\u011finin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 sunmu\u015ftur. Okuyucu bu \u00f6yk\u00fclerde Filistin ger\u00e7e\u011fine, 12 ya\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fclteci kamp\u0131na gitmek zorunda kalan \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee g\u00f6z\u00fcnden tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir. Yazar\u0131n kalemi \u00f6ylesine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr ki, Mossad\u2019\u0131n bir numaral\u0131 hedefi haline gelmi\u015f ve hain bir suikast ile \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee hem edebi ki\u015fili\u011fi hem de devrimci kimli\u011fi ile Filistin direni\u015f edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmi\u015f, m\u00fccadelenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015farak anti-kolonyolist m\u00fccadelelerin zenginle\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Tarihi \u00f6nemi her zaman haf\u0131zalarda ve devrim kavgas\u0131nda ya\u015famaya devam edecektir..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee \u00fczerine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kaynaklar<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Akparlak, Sena. \u201cG\u00fcne\u015fteki Adamlar\u201d, Ehlen Dergisi<\/em>, Say\u01313, 3 Kas\u0131m 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Cafrande. \u201cFilistin direni\u015finde ve edebiyatinda \u00f6nemli bir isim: Ghassan Kanafani\u201d, Cafrande K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat<\/em>, 9 Nisan 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Chomsky, Noam & Pappe, Ilan. \u201cYa\u015famla \u00d6l\u00fcm Aras\u0131nda Gazze\u201d, Bgst Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ekim 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u00c7akmak. Ali. D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar Zaman\u0131: Gassan Kanafani ve Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131<\/em>, ZoomKitap , 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u00c7elik, Abdullah Aren. \u201cGen\u00e7 bir adam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ya da Filistin davas\u0131 neden kaybedildi?\u201d Gazete Duvar<\/em>, 13 Kas\u0131m 2023.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. G\u00f6kkaya, \u015eirin. “Mendelbum kap\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6yk\u00fc.”\u00a0N\u00fcsha<\/em>, say\u0131 53 (2021): 27-42.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. G\u00f6kkaya, \u015eirin. \u011eass\u00e2n Kenef\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019den Her \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n Hik\u00e2yesi: H\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc Portakal Diyar\u0131,\u00a0 N\u00fcsha, <\/em>say\u0131 41 (2015): 33-48<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Kanafani Ghassan, Filistin\u2019in \u00c7ocuklar\u0131<\/em>, Otonom Edebiyat, 2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Kanafani, Gassan. Filistin\u2019in \u00c7ocuklar\u0131: Hayfa\u2019ya D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ve Di\u011fer Hik\u00e2yeler<\/em>, Otonom Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. \u0130ngilizceden \u00c7eviren: Seher \u00d6zbay. 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Kanafani, Ghassan. G\u00fcne\u015fteki Adamlar<\/em>, Metis Edebiyat, 2023. \u00c7eviren: Mehmet Hakk\u0131 Su\u00e7in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Omarova, Aida.\u00a0Ghas\u00e2n Kenef\u00e2n\u00eenin (\u00f6. 1972): Hayat\u0131, Eserleri ve Edebi Sahsiyeti<\/em>. \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcsi, Master Tezi. 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Orman, Mustafa. \u201cFilistinli yazar Gassan Kanafani’nin Hayfa’ya D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f<\/em> \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d, Independent T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/em>. 2 Temmuz 2021.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Orman, Mustafa. \u201c\u0130ktidar\u0131 tedirgin etme arac\u0131 olarak edebiyat: Gassan Kanafani\u201d,\u00a0 Independent T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/em>, 18 May\u0131s 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. Orman, Mustafa. \u201cMahmud Dervi\u015f, Ga\u015fan Kanafani ve Filistin\u201d,\u00a0 Independent T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/em>, 21 Ekim 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. \u00d6zsoy, An\u0131l Mert. \u201cGassan Kanafani: K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la boyun aras\u0131nda\u2026\u201d Gazete Duvar<\/em>, 9 Mart 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. Sinclair, Upton. \u201cK\u00f6m\u00fcr Kral\u0131\u201d, Yordam Edebiyat, 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. Tosun, Necip. \u201cFilistin\u2019in \u00c7ocuklar\u0131\u201d, Sabit Fikir<\/em>, 14 \u015eubat 2019.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    (Ehlen Dergisi\u2019nin 4. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, May\u0131s 2024, Y\u0131l:2 Say\u0131:4)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Av. Sena AkparlakProf. Mehmet U\u011fur, Greenwich \u00dcniversitesi K\u0131sa ama Filistin Dolu Bir Ya\u015fam \u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee (\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a) 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Filistin’in Akka kentinde do\u011fdu. 12 ya\u015f\u0131na girdi\u011finde, \u0130ngiliz manda y\u00f6netiminin deste\u011fini arkas\u0131na alan Siyonist i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7leri Akka dahil Filistin topraklar\u0131n\u0131n %78\u2019ini i\u015fgal etti. 9 Nisan 1948\u2019deki B\u00fcy\u00fck Felaket\u2019in (Nakba\u2019n\u0131n) do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcne rast gelmesi nedeniyle, do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":661,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-659","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kultur","8":"category-tarih"},"yoast_head":"\n\u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee ve Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131 - ehlen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/12\/gassan-kanafani-ve-filistin-direnis-edebiyati\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u011eass\u00e2n Kanaf\u00e2n\u00ee ve Filistin Direni\u015f Edebiyat\u0131 - ehlen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Av. 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  18. Fidan, Mahir F\u0131rat. \u201cS\u00fcrg\u00fcnde direni\u015f, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde edebiyat\u201d. Yeni \u00d6zg\u00fcr Politika,<\/em> 20 Eyl\u00fcl 2022.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n