{"id":808,"date":"2025-03-12T12:44:18","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T12:44:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/?p=808"},"modified":"2025-03-12T12:44:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T12:44:20","slug":"suriyede-ne-oldu-oluyor-suriyeyi-nasil-bir-gelecek-bekliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/12\/suriyede-ne-oldu-oluyor-suriyeyi-nasil-bir-gelecek-bekliyor\/","title":{"rendered":"Suriye\u2019de Ne Oldu\/Oluyor, Suriye\u2019yi Nas\u0131l Bir Gelecek Bekliyor?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Emir A\u015fnas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye\u2019de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan destekli askeri darbe\/operasyon<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha \u00f6nce Nusra Cephesi (Suriye \u201cresmi\u201d El Kaidesi) ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ve t\u00fcm\u00fcyle T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yaslanan \u0130dlib ve \u00e7evresini 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren h\u00e2kimiyetinde bulunduran Heyet Tahrir \u015eam-HT\u015e denilen Suriyeli ve yabanc\u0131 cihat\u00e7\u0131 ve El Kaideci gruplar toplulu\u011fu, 27 Kas\u0131m 2024 tarihinde Halep\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fimlere sald\u0131rd\u0131. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131larda do\u011frudan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 Suriye Milli Ordusu-SMO\u2019nun yine bir k\u0131sm\u0131 cihat\u00e7\u0131 di\u011fer bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7apulcu \u00f6rg\u00fctleri de bu operasyonlara HT\u015e ile birlikte kat\u0131ld\u0131. HT\u015e ve m\u00fcttefikleri daha sonra s\u00fcrpriz bir \u015fekilde Halep\u2019i ve sonras\u0131nda da h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde Hama, Hums ve \u015eam\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. B\u00f6ylece 8 Aral\u0131k 2024 tarihinde ba\u015f\u0131nda Be\u015far Esad\u2019\u0131n bulundu\u011fu y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oldu, hatta devlet ortadan kalkt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu operasyonda y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik ko\u015fullar nedeniyle esasen kadro, silah, te\u00e7hizat ve maa\u015f\/gelir a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc durumda olan ve 13-14 y\u0131ll\u0131k sava\u015f yorgunu Suriye ordusunun 1-2 cephe hari\u00e7 hi\u00e7 direnmemesi, neredeyse hi\u00e7 sava\u015fmamas\u0131 ve \u00e2deta \u00fclkeyi HT\u015e\u2019ye teslim etmesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 oldu. Bunun sebepleri, orduya kimin sava\u015fmama emri verdi\u011fi, Esad\u2019\u0131n sava\u015fma konusundaki talimatlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilmedi\u011fi \u015feklindeki iddialar vb. hususlar hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmu\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Suriye\u2019nin dost veya m\u00fcttefiki \u00fclkelerin gerek Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler-BM gerek kendileri taraf\u0131ndan ter\u00f6rist \u00f6rg\u00fct olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f HT\u015e\u2019nin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan desteklenen ve y\u00f6netilen bu askeri operasyonuyla\/darbesiyle ilgili tutumlar\u0131 da Suriye y\u00f6netimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 oldu. Arap \u00fclkeleri, Arap Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00f6zel olarak bu konuda acil toplant\u0131 yapmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Suriye\u2019nin talebini \u00f6nce kabul edip, sonra s\u00fcresiz ertelediler. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ise kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye ile olan ili\u015fkileri-beklentileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Suriye\u2019yi bir s\u00fcredir \u201cy\u00fck\u201d olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve belki de uzunca bir s\u00fcredir bu konuda T\u00fcrkiye ile anla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Rusya, Suriye\u2019nin acil askeri yard\u0131m talebini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bir s\u00fcredir Suriye ile gergin ili\u015fkiler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilen \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ise yard\u0131m etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve\/veya bu konuda \u00e7ok da istekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak Esad, son y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle a\u011f\u0131r uluslararas\u0131 ambargo ve yapt\u0131r\u0131m rejimi alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f bir ekonomi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, \u00fclkesinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve egemenli\u011fini muhafaza edebilmek i\u00e7in Arap\/K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri, \u0130ran ve \u201cRusya-T\u00fcrkiye\u201d \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc aras\u0131nda manevralar yaparak durumu idare etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak deyim yerindeyse ne \u0130sa\u2019ya ne de Musa\u2019ya yaranabildi ve ancak bu kadar dayanabildi. \u00dclke i\u00e7i olumsuz ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra uluslararas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler (Trump\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi, \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Direni\u015f Eksenindeki gerileme ve ba\u015fta Hasan Nasrallah olmak \u00fczere kay\u0131plar) m\u00fcttefiklerinin geri \u00e7ekilmesinde ve sonu\u00e7ta ABD-T\u00fcrkiye-\u0130srail kamp\u0131n\u0131n operasyonu konusunda boyun e\u011fmeyi ya da i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmay\u0131 tercih etmelerinde etkili oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esad ve hatalar\u0131 konusunda tabii ki \u00e7ok \u015fey s\u00f6ylenebilir, ele\u015ftirilebilir, ele\u015ftirilecek de. Bununla birlikte, objektif de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131rsa, gidi\u015finin en temel nedeni \u2013kimilerince olumsuz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen- \u00fclkesinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve egemenli\u011fine dair \u201cinad\u0131\u201d ve bu konuda taviz vermeyi son ana kadar reddetmesi, ne \u0130srail\u2019e ne de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye teslimiyeti kabul etmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu operasyondaki\/darbedeki rol\u00fcne gelince, Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ciddi analistler, uzmanlar, emekli diplomatlar vs. bunun arkas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin oldu\u011fu konusunda hemfikirler. \u00c7o\u011fu, s\u00f6z konusu operasyonun ABD ve \u0130srail\u2019in de onay\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bizzat T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011fini iddia ediyorlar. H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rdaki Suriye\u2019yi de fiilen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin vesayeti (protektora\/himaye) alt\u0131nda olan bir \u00e7e\u015fit vasal devlete benzetiyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan, \u0130srail istihbarat \u015feflerinin s\u00f6z konusu operasyondan 10 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce Ankara\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizli ziyaret, \u0130srail medyas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.[i]<\/a> Bunun \u00fczerine s\u00f6z konusu ziyaret ve toplant\u0131n\u0131n Gazze\u2019de ate\u015fkesle ilgi oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde resmi olmayan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar ve s\u0131zd\u0131rmalarla olay ge\u00e7i\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak, Arap kamuoyunda bu, Suriye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik operasyona son noktan\u0131n kondu\u011fu toplant\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2014\u2019ten bu yana kendisinin de ter\u00f6rist ilan etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu Nusra Cephesi\/HT\u015e ile ili\u015fkisi ve i\u015f birli\u011finin en ge\u00e7 \u0130dlib\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi 2015\u2019e (kimilerine g\u00f6re ise 2012\u2019ye) dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Haritaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile b\u00f6yle bir operasyonun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bilgisi ve onay\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015femeyece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Zaten T\u00fcrkiye cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, 4 Ocak 2025 tarihinde \u201cSuriye’yi evelallah her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ele almak suretiyle \u015fu andaki hale getirdik\u201d diyerek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin rol\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmi\u015ftir.[ii]<\/a> ABD\u2019nin se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ba\u015fkan\u0131 Trump ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fu \u015fekilde dile getirdi: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye, Suriye\u2019ye \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. \u0130\u00e7eri giren bu insanlar (HT\u015e, SMO) T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan kontrol ediliyor.\u201d[iii]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Askeri darbenin\/operasyonun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

HT\u015e\u2019nin\/El Kaide\u2019nin askeri darbesiyle yaln\u0131zca Esad y\u00f6netimi y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131, kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla Suriye\u2019de devlet y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.[iv]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Mevcut se\u00e7ilmi\u015f parlamento olan Halk Meclisi ve devletin bir\u00e7ok kurumu (ulusal ordu, polis te\u015fkilat\u0131, istihbarat kurumlar\u0131) da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Anayasa ve kanunlar fiilen ask\u0131ya al\u0131nd\u0131. \u00dclkede uygulanan yaz\u0131l\u0131 herhangi bir anayasa ve kanun b\u0131rak\u0131lmad\u0131; her \u015fey, BM’de ve t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde ter\u00f6rist olarak tescil edilmi\u015f olan HT\u015e\u2019lilerin keyfine b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-HT\u015e\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131 ter\u00f6rist Abu Muhammed Colani ya da sonradan de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi ismiyle Ahmed Al-\u015eara fiilen devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 yetkileri kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu ter\u00f6rist yine kendisi gibi uluslararas\u0131 ter\u00f6rist listelerinde bulunan El Kaidecilerden ba\u015fbakan, savunma bakan\u0131, adalet bakan\u0131, d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131, i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131, istihbarat \u015fefi vs. atad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Anayasa ve yasalar\u0131n uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ortamda HT\u015e\u2019liler, tutuklama ve yarg\u0131lamaya dair hi\u00e7bir kanun veya kurala dayanmaks\u0131z\u0131n insanlar\u0131 keyfi bir \u015fekilde tutuklamaya, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamaya, i\u015fkence yapmaya, hayvan muamelesi yapmaya, ka\u00e7\u0131rmaya, ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131ktan bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp oraya buraya atmaya, mallar\u0131na\/paralar\u0131na el koymaya ve gasp etmeye, tehcir ettirmeye vs. ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu uygulamalarda \u00f6zellikle Aleviler hedef al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Anayasa ve referandum konusu olan bayrak ve milli mar\u015f, halka sorulmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve herhangi bir onama mekanizmas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan ordunun 9-10 bin mensubu (subay-astsubay-er) a\u00e7\u0131k bir su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n hapishanelere s\u00fcresiz olarak t\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Baz\u0131 kaynaklar bu \u015fekilde hapishanelere t\u0131k\u0131lan ordu, g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bunun \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funa, t\u00fcm bu ki\u015filerin tamamen keyfi bir \u015fekilde tutukland\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131na ve durumlar\u0131na dair kesin bilgi elde etmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u00fcnyada ter\u00f6r listesinde bulunan yabanc\u0131 (\u00c7inli Uygur, \u00d6zbek, \u00c7e\u00e7en, Arnavut, T\u00fcrk, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131, Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131 vd.) ve Suriyeli HT\u015e mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n general ve albay olarak atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201cUluslararas\u0131 El Kaide Ordusu\u201d kuruldu. Yine bu ba\u011flamda ayn\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015fla polis te\u015fkilat\u0131 olu\u015fturulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– 13 y\u0131ld\u0131r Suriye\u2019deki Alevilere, \u015eiilere, Hristiyanlara, laiklere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan on binlerce El Kaide mensubu yabanc\u0131ya vatanda\u015fl\u0131k verilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kamuda y\u00fcz binlerce insan i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131 veya zorunlu izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 ya da maa\u015f\u0131 \u00f6denmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– E\u011fitim m\u00fcfredat\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Arap ulusuna dair \u00f6\u011feler ve evrim teorisi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bilimle ilgili konular m\u00fcfredattan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131. E\u011fitimin daha da dinselle\u015ftirilmesi, daha do\u011fru bir ifadeyle S\u00fcnnile\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve eklemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131. Keza Osmanl\u0131 devletine ve Araplar aras\u0131nda seffah (kan d\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc) olarak an\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 valisi Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Araplara (Suriyeli ve L\u00fcbnanl\u0131) kar\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki \u201columsuz\u201d \u00f6\u011feler de m\u00fcfredattan ay\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– HT\u015e\u2019nin d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Davos’ta, Suriye\u2019nin gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f t\u00fcm anayasalar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde, Suriye\u2019de devlete ait varl\u0131klar\u0131n (limanlar, fabrikalar, hava alanlar\u0131, demiryollar\u0131, karayollar\u0131, petrol ve pamuk tesisleri, t\u00fcm fabrikalar) \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeye ve uluslararas\u0131 sermayeye a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde Suriye’deki devletin y\u0131k\u0131larak yerine HT\u015e ve m\u00fcttefiki di\u011fer cihat\u00e7\u0131-tekfirci gruplar\u0131n ge\u00e7irilmesi, Suriye\u2019nin savunmas\u0131 ve gelece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan telafisi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olumsuz sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle uluslararas\u0131 hukuka uygun bir \u015fekilde Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin davetiyle Suriye topraklar\u0131nda bulunan yabanc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler dahi \u00fclkeden \u00e7ekilmesine ra\u011fmen, gayr\u0131 me\u015fru bir \u015fekilde Suriye’de bulunan yabanc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler, Suriye’deki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam etti. Bunlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ve daha \u00f6nemlisi \u0130srail, daha \u00f6nce i\u015fgal etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu Golan’\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ek olarak geri kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00fclkenin stratejik ve hem \u015eam’a hem L\u00fcbnan’\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne hem de \u015eam-Beyrut yoluna h\u00e2kim olan en y\u00fcksek da\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (Cebel Al-\u015eeyh\/Hermon Da\u011f\u0131), \u00fclkenin su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n %30’unu sa\u011flayan baraj\u0131, Kuneytra ilini i\u015fgal etti. \u015eam\u2019\u0131n 15-20 km yak\u0131n\u0131na yerle\u015fti. \u0130srail i\u015fgal etti\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde sabit \u00fcsler kurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Fiilen y\u00f6netimde bulunan HT\u015e\/El Kaide g\u00fc\u00e7leri ise \u0130srail’in bu i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 tek kur\u015fun atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, y\u00f6netimdekiler \u00e2deta \u0130srail’in i\u015fgal ve tacizlerini mazur g\u00f6steren a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yapt\u0131lar.[v]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130srail elini kolunu sallayarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 500’\u00fcn \u00fczerindeki sald\u0131r\u0131yla Suriye ordusunun 80 y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcm birikiminin (tanklar, u\u00e7aklar, f\u00fcze sistemleri, hava savunma sistemleri, savunma sanayii ar-ge merkezleri ve \u00fcretim tesisleri, donanma vs.) neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yok etti. B\u00f6ylece Suriye, y\u00f6netimde kimin oldu\u011fundan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, askeri te\u00e7hizat\u0131 ve silahlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fgalcilere ve topraklar\u0131nda emelleri bulunan \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 savunma yapamayacak duruma getirildi. Benzetme yerindeyse, L\u00fcbnan gibi oldu. Ad\u0131 ordu olan bir kurumu olacak; ancak fiiliyatta bu kurum, bir polis-jandarma g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ibaret olacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye\u2019de esasen mevcut istikras\u0131zl\u0131k ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnme daha da artt\u0131. Mevcut b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelere D\u00fcrzilerin S\u00fcveyde b\u00f6lgesi de eklendi. Hatta yine g\u00fcneyde Ahmed Al-Oudeh g\u00fc\u00e7leri de ayr\u0131 bir otorite olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak operasyonun ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en bir bu\u00e7uk ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde bir devlet y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131lan\u0131n yerine hi\u00e7bir me\u015fruiyeti olmayan \u00fcstelik BM\u2019de ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yukar\u0131da belirtilen uygulamalarla kendi ideolojilerine (cihat\u00e7\u0131-tekfirci) uygun bir devlet olu\u015fturulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bunda \u00f6nemli bir mesafe ald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Oysa gerek HT\u015e gerek onun ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye olmak \u00fczere pazarlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 bu de facto\/fiili y\u00f6netimin de\u011fil, \u00fclkedeki t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n temsilcilerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla 1 Mart 2025\u2019te g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayacak bir ge\u00e7i\u015f y\u00f6netiminin yeni devleti ve anayasay\u0131 olu\u015fturacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aleviler ve di\u011fer gruplara y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fta Colani\/Ahmed Al-\u015eara olmak \u00fczere y\u00f6neticileri, Irak\u2019ta ve Suriye\u2019de \u015eiilere, Alevilere, laiklere kar\u015f\u0131 vah\u015fi cinayetler, katliamlar yapm\u0131\u015f ve bu nedenle BM\u2019de ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan HT\u015e\u2019nin Suriye\u2019de fiilen y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmesi, bu \u00fclkede Aleviler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok halk grubu (Aleviler, \u0130smaililer, \u015eiiler, D\u00fcrziler, Hristiyanlar, Laik S\u00fcnniler, K\u00fcrtler vd.) nezdinde korku ve endi\u015feye yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Nitekim HT\u015e\u2019nin bu bir bu\u00e7uk ayl\u0131k performans\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Alevilerin, \u015eiilerin ve Hristiyanlar\u0131n korku ve endi\u015felerinin yersiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aleviler ve di\u011fer S\u00fcnni olmayan gruplar HT\u015e\u2019lilerin \u00fclkeyi ele ge\u00e7irmesinden itibaren \u00e7e\u015fitli sald\u0131r\u0131lara ve hak ihlallerine maruz kald\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Alevilere y\u00f6nelik bu uygulamalar, HT\u015e\u2019nin y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ilk g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak azalmadan hatta artarak devam etti. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde (\u00f6zellikle Alevilerin \u00e7o\u011funluk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hums ve Hama illerinde; Hums \u015fehri ve k\u0131rsal\u0131 ile Hama k\u0131rsal\u0131nda) tehcirler ve etnik temizlik \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6zlendi.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alevilerin HT\u015e gibi cihat\u00e7\u0131-selefi ve tekfirci bir grubun ilk hedefinde olmas\u0131 hem i\u015fin tan\u0131m\u0131 gere\u011fi hem de tarihin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi beklenen bir \u015feydi. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Suriye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik olarak y\u0131llard\u0131r y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ve T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan da ifade edilen Suriye\u2019deki devletin bir Alevi (kendi deyimleriyle Nusayri) devleti oldu\u011fu \u015feklindeki ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 aldat\u0131c\u0131 propaganda, \u00fclkedeki t\u00fcm olumsuzluklardan ve sorunlardan Alevileri sorumlu tutma ve daha tehlikelisi bir topluluk olarak Alevilerden intikam alma histeryas\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu ve benzeri nedenlerle t\u00fcm Alevilerin \u00e2deta ipinden bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bu yerli ve yabanc\u0131 silahl\u0131 barbar s\u00fcr\u00fclerinin insaf\u0131na kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esad y\u00f6netimi muhalifi Suriye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00f6zlemevi-SOHR\u2019un m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Rami Abdurrahman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu durumu \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetledi: \u201cBug\u00fcn Suriye’de her Alevi su\u00e7suz oldu\u011fu ispat edilene kadar su\u00e7lu muamelesi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.\u201d[vi]<\/a> Abdurrahman 10 Ocak 2025 tarihinde kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir TV program\u0131nda ise, Suriye\u2019de y\u00f6netimin y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 8 Aral\u0131k 2024 ila 10 Ocak 2025 tarihi aras\u0131nda Alevilere y\u00f6nelik toplam 80 ayr\u0131 cinayet su\u00e7u oldu\u011fu ve bunun sonucunda aralar\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu toplam 157 Alevinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tespit ettiklerini, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Colani ve y\u00f6netiminin kamuoyu \u00f6n\u00fcnde Alevilerin hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtirken el alt\u0131ndan bunu te\u015fvik etti\u011fi kanaatinde oldu\u011funu ifade etti.[vii]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alevilere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrmelerin hi\u00e7 durmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle son birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnde Hums\u2019un bat\u0131 k\u0131rsal\u0131nda Alevilere (ve \u015eiilere) y\u00f6nelik \u015fu ana kadarki en b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015fbu yaz\u0131n\u0131n kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 25 Ocak 2025 tarihi itibariyle HT\u015e\u2019lilerin katletti\u011fi Alevilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 200\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c2deta Alevilere (ve son g\u00fcnlerde \u015eiilere) kar\u015f\u0131 her \u015feyi yapman\u0131n m\u00fcbah oldu\u011fu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla icra edilen uygulamalar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tutuklama ve yarg\u0131lamaya dair herhangi bir yasal s\u00fcre\u00e7 izlemeksizin, evleri basarak istedi\u011fi insanlar\u0131 tutuklamak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tutuklananlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek cesedini oraya buraya atmak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde tehcir ettirmek,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Hakaret etmek, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamak, i\u015fkence etmek, hayvan muamelesi yapmak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Mallar\u0131na\/paralar\u0131na el koymak-gasp etmek,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Dini olarak bask\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra silahl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u201ctebli\u011f\u201d uygulamalar\u0131na tabi tutmak, camilerde de imamlar\/\u015feyhler taraf\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmak, tehdit edilmek ve hedef g\u00f6sterilmek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcstelik bunlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne dair onlarca-y\u00fczlerce video, baz\u0131 \u0130srail askerlerinin Gazze\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bizzat bu uygulamalar\u0131 yapanlarca \u00e7ekildi ve payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca, HT\u015e g\u00f6revlilerinin baz\u0131 Alevileri su\u00e7suz yere tutuklayarak ailelerinden y\u00fcz binlerce dolar fidye istedikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ayr\u0131larak muhalefet saflar\u0131na ge\u00e7en ve o tarihten bu yana T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Tu\u011fgeneral Ahmed Rahhal da buna dair bir \u00f6rnek vererek HT\u015e\u2019yi ele\u015ftirdi.[viii]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan 8 Aral\u0131k 2024\u2019ten bu yana aral\u0131ks\u0131z devam eden ve hem nicelik hem de nitelik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan artan bu uygulamalar\u0131n ve katliamlar\u0131n, bu kadar uzun s\u00fcreyle ve bu kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da tekrarlanmas\u0131, y\u00f6netimin onay\u0131, ho\u015f g\u00f6rmesi hatta te\u015fviki olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015femeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nas\u0131l bir gelecek?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi Suriye\u2019de yaln\u0131zca bir y\u00f6netim y\u0131k\u0131lmad\u0131, bir devlet ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Y\u0131k\u0131lan devletin yerine yenisi olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ancak kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bu devlet, modern anlamda vatanda\u015fl\u0131k esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik bir yap\u0131\/entite olabilecek mi? Do\u011frusu, bug\u00fcne kadarki geli\u015fmeler bu konuda pek umutlu olmaya imk\u00e2n tan\u0131m\u0131yor. Zira bunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde yap\u0131sal engeller var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle \u00fclkenin y\u00f6netiminin teslim edildi\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fct ya da \u00f6rg\u00fctler koalisyonu HT\u015e, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00fclkeleri (T\u00fcm BM g\u00fcvenlik konseyi \u00fcyeleri, Avrupa Birli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye vd.) taraf\u0131ndan ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor; yine BM kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu \u00f6rg\u00fctle i\u015f birli\u011fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fil tam tersine sava\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Kom\u015fu Arap \u00fclkelerinin (L\u00fcbnan ve Irak) mahkemelerinin HT\u015e y\u00f6neticileri hakk\u0131nda tutuklama karar\u0131 bulunuyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye, \u00e7evresindeki her \u00fclke gibi \u00e7ok dinli, mezhepli ve etnik yap\u0131l\u0131 bir topluma sahip. Oysa HT\u015e\u2019nin BM ve d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan ter\u00f6rist olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, zaten di\u011fer din\/mezhep mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 (Aleviler, \u015eiiler, \u0130smaililer, D\u00fcrziler, Hr\u0131stiyanlar, Laikler) tekfir ederek kimlik bazl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve katliamlar uygulamas\u0131 nedeniyleydi. HT\u015e\u2019nin son 1,5 ayl\u0131k uygulamas\u0131 da zihniyetinde bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yaln\u0131zca \u015fartlara g\u00f6re davranmaya ve ge\u00e7mi\u015ftekinden farkl\u0131 olarak su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 reddetmeye ve gizlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esasen son y\u0131llarda de facto olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olan \u00fclke bug\u00fcn daha da b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir duruma geldi. Suriye eskisine g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin daha \u00e7ok etkisi alt\u0131na girdi. Colani\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin emri alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu Arap medyas\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla i\u015fleniyor. Ayr\u0131ca Colani \u0130srail\u2019den korktu\u011fu i\u00e7in D\u00fcrzilere taviz vermek zorunda kald\u0131. SDG ilk kez \u0130srail\u2019le temas kurdu. Bu kadar par\u00e7al\u0131 ve \u00fcstelik her par\u00e7as\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u00fclkenin ortak de\u011ferler ve ilkelerde uzla\u015farak bir devlet olu\u015fturmas\u0131 daha da zor bir hale geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Suriye\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 genel olarak Arap \u00fclkelerini rahatlatm\u0131\u015f olsa da bu kez yine Arap olmayan bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn yani T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkisi hatta vesayeti alt\u0131na girmesi, onlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahale edilmesi gereken bir sorun olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Suriye\u2019de tekfirci bir selefi ve\/veya \u0130hvanc\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim \u00f6zellikle Suudi Arabistan ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri hatta \u00dcrd\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tehlikeli olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Her ne kadar HT\u015e y\u00f6netimi esas itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye (ve Katar\u2019a)  ba\u011fl\u0131 ise de, gerek tan\u0131nma ve me\u015fruiyetini kabul ettirme gerek Suriye\u2019nin yeniden imar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik finansal kaynaklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Suudi Arabistan ve di\u011fer K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine muhta\u00e7 durumda. Esasen T\u00fcrkiye de bunun fark\u0131nda ve bu nedenle HT\u015e y\u00f6netimi ile K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda temas ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in her iki taraf nezdinde \u00e7aba sarf ediyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye ile Suudi Arabistan (ve BAE vd.) aras\u0131nda Suriye konusunda hem i\u015f birli\u011fi hem de \u00e7eki\u015fmenin olaca\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemin g\u00f6r\u00fclme ihtimali y\u00fcksek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esasen Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n y\u0131llar sonra yeniden L\u00fcbnan\u2019a d\u00f6nmesinde ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koymas\u0131nda, Suriye\u2019deki durumun veya tehlikenin de etkili oldu\u011fu ve bunun Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131 bu ama\u00e7la L\u00fcbnan\u2019da yeniden konumlanmaya itti\u011fi yorumlar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan Arap \u00fclkelerinin \u2013\u00f6zellikle \u015eii a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 n\u00fcfusa sahip Irak ve L\u00fcbnan- HT\u015e\u2019nin Aleviler, \u015eiiler vd. gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r ate\u015fte y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc uygulamalara kar\u015f\u0131 sessiz kalma politikas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeleri de gittik\u00e7e zorla\u015f\u0131yor. Keza \u00fclkedeki istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrmesinin yarataca\u011f\u0131 riskler Arap \u00fclkelerini de zorlayacak, hatta g\u00fcvenliklerini tehdit edecek boyutlara ula\u015fabilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bu nedenlerle, \u00fclkede \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun kabul edebilece\u011fi ve t\u00fcm dini ve etnik gruplar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tatmin edecek bir y\u00f6netime bir an \u00f6nce ge\u00e7ilmesi Arap \u00fclkelerinin lehinedir. Ancak, b\u00f6yle bir \u201ckabul edilebilir\u201d y\u00f6netime dayanan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0130srail ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u015fine ne kadar gelecektir, bu iki \u00fclkenin Suriye\u2019de ve\/veya Suriye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bunun i\u00e7in, \u00fclkenin fiilen teslim edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ve h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda kurulmakta olan yeni devlete yerle\u015fen selefi-tekfirci yap\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde temizlenebilecek veya iktidardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecektir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sorulara cevap vermek ve Suriye\u2019nin gelece\u011fine dair \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerde bulunmak kolay de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[i]<\/a> https:\/\/serbestiyet.com\/haberler\/sinbet-187990\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ii]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/politika\/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-su-anda-suriyede-yeniden-bir-gunes-doguyor\/3441764<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[iii]<\/a> https:\/\/yetkinreport.com\/2024\/12\/17\/trumpin-turkiye-suriyeye-coktu-sozu-ve-erdogan-ovgulerinin-anlami\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[iv]<\/a> https:\/\/x.com\/AsnasEmir\/status\/1882151640385622511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[v]<\/a> https:\/\/haber.sol.org.tr\/haber\/htsnin-sam-valisi-abdye-cagri-yapti-israille-daha-iyi-iliski-kurmamizi-kolaylastirin-397049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[vi]<\/a> https:\/\/x.com\/AsnasEmir\/status\/1877077036688118214<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[vii]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aQxFAFfGZW0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[viii]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EcdaAZZ4pCQ<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ehlen Dergisi\u2019nin 6. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, Ocak 2025, Y\u0131l:3 Say\u0131:6)

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Emir A\u015fnas Suriye\u2019de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan destekli askeri darbe\/operasyon Daha \u00f6nce Nusra Cephesi (Suriye \u201cresmi\u201d El Kaidesi) ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ve t\u00fcm\u00fcyle T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yaslanan \u0130dlib ve \u00e7evresini 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren h\u00e2kimiyetinde bulunduran Heyet Tahrir \u015eam-HT\u015e denilen Suriyeli ve yabanc\u0131 cihat\u00e7\u0131 ve El Kaideci gruplar toplulu\u011fu, 27 Kas\u0131m 2024 tarihinde Halep\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fimlere sald\u0131rd\u0131. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131larda do\u011frudan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":773,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-808","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-guncel"},"yoast_head":"\nSuriye\u2019de Ne Oldu\/Oluyor, Suriye\u2019yi Nas\u0131l Bir Gelecek Bekliyor? - ehlen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00fcm bu nedenlerle, \u00fclkede \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun kabul edebilece\u011fi ve t\u00fcm dini ve etnik gruplar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tatmin edecek bir y\u00f6netime bir an \u00f6nce ge\u00e7ilmesi Arap \u00fclkelerinin lehinedir.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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