\u0130smail Zubari<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fcresel emperyalizmin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z silah ve maddi deste\u011fi ile medyas\u0131 Siyonist \u0130srail’e \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan selefi cihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu Suriye’deki Baas y\u00f6netimi 8 Aral\u0131k 2024 tarihinde sona erdi. Y\u00fcze yak\u0131n \u00fclkeden y\u00fczbinlerce militan\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar tarihin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en vah\u015fi y\u00f6ntem ve ihanetleri g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi. B\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Projesi kapsam\u0131nda kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin de bu organizasyonda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc veya zorla yer almalar\u0131 Suriye’deki y\u00f6netimin i\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran etkenlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geldi. Dini metinlerde insanl\u0131k tarihinde i\u015flendi\u011fi varsay\u0131lan ilk cinayetin Kabil\u2019in karde\u015fi Habil\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi olay\u0131n\u0131n \u015eam\u2019da Kasiyun da\u011f\u0131nda i\u015flendi\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131r. Suriye ger\u00e7ekten de karde\u015flerin ihanetine u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arap devletleri, Vandallar\u0131n insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 cinayetleri i\u00e7in t\u00fcm imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 seferber ederek bu vah\u015fete ortak oldular. Bug\u00fcn Suriye’de ba\u015fa getirilen tescilli katil Colani Suriye’nin ayd\u0131nl\u0131k y\u00fczl\u00fc insanlar\u0131n\u0131 sistemli bir \u015fekilde katlediyor, \u00fclkeyi \u0130srail’in i\u015fgaline teslim ediyor. \u00d6zellikle sahil b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Alevi olan halka kar\u015f\u0131 adeta bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m uyguluyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde Ortado\u011fu kadar bilge, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan, sadakatli ve hain, vefas\u0131z, h\u0131rs\u0131z yeti\u015ftiren ba\u015fka bir co\u011frafya yoktur. En az\u0131ndan benim akl\u0131m\u0131n kemale erdi\u011fi zamandan beri bu b\u00f6yledir.Bunun nedenlerini a\u00e7\u0131klamadan \u00f6nce Ortado\u011fu ve \u00f6zelinde Suriye tarihine k\u0131saca bakal\u0131m. Kimine g\u00f6re tarih tekerr\u00fcrden ibarettir. Az \u00e7ok Anadolu ve Suriye co\u011frafyas\u0131 tarihini merak edenler \u015funu iyi bilir. Milattan \u00f6nce 1190 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Orta Avrupa ve Balkanlar\u0131n ilkel kabilelerinden olu\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131 karadan ve denizden \u00f6ylesine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmu\u015ftu ki her taraf\u0131 yak\u0131p y\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Anadolu ve Suriye’de ileri bir uygarl\u0131k kuran Hitit Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kmakla kalmaz y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r kullan\u0131lmakta olan yaz\u0131n\u0131n dahi unutulmas\u0131na sebep olurlar. Tarih\u00e7ilerin \u201cKaranl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011f\u201d dedikleri bu d\u00f6nemden yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 y\u0131l sonra ancak yaz\u0131 tekrar kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu d\u00f6nemde Ortado\u011fu halk\u0131 bu barbarlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r? Bilemem. Ancak bildi\u011fim Suriye’de karanl\u0131k bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fudur. Peki, \u00f6ncesinde \u00e7ok mu ayd\u0131nl\u0131kt\u0131? Gelin o halde k\u0131saca ya\u015fananlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Suriye\u2019de 11 y\u0131ll\u0131k ac\u0131mas\u0131z, \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131ndan zaferle \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Suriye y\u00f6netimi ve ordusu, \u00fclke b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayacak ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 beklerken 2024 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n son ay\u0131nda beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde 12 g\u00fcnde tamamen \u00e7\u00f6kerek da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu olay geli\u015fmeleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan izleyen ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 haber alma imkan\u0131 bulan insanlar i\u00e7in \u015fok edici bir geli\u015fmeydi. \u00d6yle ya, 11 y\u0131l boyunca d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan toplanan y\u00fczbinlerce militan \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek ve ya\u011fmalamak i\u00e7in \u00fclkeye sokulmu\u015ftu. A\u011f\u0131r silahlarla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zel e\u011fitimli ve ad\u0131na cihat\u00e7\u0131 denen profesyonel katillerin t\u00fcm sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na direnen bir ordu vard\u0131. Bir ara ba\u015fkent \u015eam\u2019\u0131n kalbine kadar ula\u015fan bu g\u00fcruhlar y\u00f6netim ve halk\u0131n birli\u011fi sayesinde bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yok edilmi\u015f, di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 ise anla\u015fma gere\u011fi \u00fclkenin kuzeyindeki \u0130dlib \u015fehrine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. Bu zaman zarf\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tutumu hep tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 cihat\u00e7\u0131lara a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda s\u00fcrekli su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f ve eldeki veriler sadece s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u00e7makla kalmay\u0131p \u00fclke i\u00e7inde e\u011fitim kamplar\u0131 a\u00e7arak \u2013kendi de\u011fimi ile isyanc\u0131lar\u0131-e\u011fitmi\u015ftir. Bu zaman zarf\u0131nda Rusya, \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Astana g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f her defas\u0131nda Suriye\u2019nin toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vurgusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130dlib\u2019e s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi sonras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgenin temizlenmesi konusunda g\u00f6rev T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye verilmi\u015f ve bu g\u00f6revin alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde yerine getirilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu g\u00f6rev hi\u00e7bir zaman yerine getirilmedi. Aksine oradaki cihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yeni bir sald\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u011fitildikleri \u015eam\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesinden sonra yeni y\u00f6netimle samimi pozlar e\u015fli\u011finde ifade edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Suriye bu g\u00fcnlere nas\u0131l geldi? Tarihi sava\u015flarla ge\u00e7mi\u015f bu ordunun ba\u015f\u0131na neler geldi? 1. d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu kendi aralar\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fen emperyalist \u00fclkeler Hatay dahil Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131 Frans\u0131zlara b\u0131rak\u0131r. Frans\u0131zlar bu topraklar\u0131 daha rahat s\u00f6m\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgeyi 5 par\u00e7aya b\u00f6lerler. L\u00fcbnan ve \u0130skenderun sanca\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dinsel inan\u0131\u015flara g\u00f6re \u015eam, Halep ve Lazkiye\u2019de devlet kurarlar. Sahil kesimindeki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ad\u0131 Lazkiye Alevi H\u00fck\u00fcmeti. Daha sonra \u015eam ve Halep h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerini birle\u015ftirerek Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Frans\u0131zlar b\u00f6l par\u00e7ala ve y\u00f6net takti\u011fini izlerken yerel halk par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 reddeder. \u00dclkedeki t\u00fcm etnik ve dini yap\u0131lar birle\u015fik bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015famak i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131km\u00fccadelesini birlikte omuzlarlar. Aleviler \u015feyh Salih el Ali \u00f6nderli\u011finde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve birle\u015fik bir Suriye i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ederler. Bununla birlikte ayn\u0131 zamanda D\u00fcrziler, K\u00fcrtler ve laik S\u00fcnniler de kendi liderleri etraf\u0131nda birle\u015ferek Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131rlar. 17 Nisan 1946\u2019da son Frans\u0131z birli\u011finin \u00e7ekilmesiyle Suriye ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r. Ancak 1970 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar askeri darbeler ve istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k eksik olmaz. 1958-1961 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131rla yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma gere\u011fi Birle\u015fik Arap Cumhuriyeti ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bu cumhuriyetin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olur. 1970\u2019teki son darbenin ard\u0131ndan darbeler d\u00f6nemi sona erecek ve \u00fclke g\u00f6receli olarak refaha kavu\u015facakt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yaz\u0131y\u0131 fazla uzatmamak ad\u0131na tarih\u00e7eyi k\u0131sa ge\u00e7ip Suriye’de son 60 y\u0131la damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran BAAS y\u00f6netimine bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Baas kelime anlam\u0131yla \u201cDirili\u015f\u201d demektir. 7 Nisan 1947’de Arap Baas Partisi olarak Mi\u015fel Eflak, Selahaddin el-Bitarve Zeki el-Arsuzi taraf\u0131ndan \u015eam\u2019da kuruldu. 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arap Sosyalist Hareketiyle birle\u015ferek Arap Sosyalist Baas Partisi ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Araplar\u0131n birli\u011fini hedefleyen parti zaman\u0131n toplumsal hareketlerin de etkisiyle k\u0131sa zamanda g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek Suriye’de h\u00e2kimiyeti ele ge\u00e7irdi. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde Baas\u2019\u0131n bir kolu Irak\u2019ta y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irir. Suriye’de iktidarda oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nem boyunca laik, sosyal bir model in\u015fa edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Nihai hedef ise Arap ulusunu tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirip sosyalizmi in\u015fa etmektir. Bunun i\u00e7in Sovyetler birli\u011fi ile \u00e7e\u015fitli anla\u015fmalar yap\u0131larak Tartus\u2019ta deniz \u00fcss\u00fc in\u015fa edilmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haf\u0131z Esad\u2019\u0131n 1971\u2019de cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131yla birlikte \u00fclkede ciddi reformlar hayata ge\u00e7irilir. Toprak reformu sa\u011flanarak \u00fclkede toprak a\u011fal\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verilir. Petrol \u015firketleri millile\u015ftirilir. E\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k reformlar\u0131yla bu kurumlar\u0131n devlet \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00fccretsiz olarak halka hizmet etmeleri sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u00dclkede \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fczeyde okullar ve hastaneler in\u015fa edilir. \u0130lkokul zorunlu hale getirilir ve k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 okula g\u00f6ndermeyenlere a\u011f\u0131r cezalar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Medeni kanunlarda de\u011fi\u015fikliklere gidilerek 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131zlar\u0131n evlendirilmesi yasaklan\u0131r. \u00dclkede etnik veya dinsel yap\u0131lara at\u0131f yapan kurulu\u015flar ve tarikatlar kapat\u0131l\u0131r. Suriyelilik kimli\u011fi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Tar\u0131mda uygulanan devlet deste\u011fi sayesinde \u00fcretim ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta kendi kendine yeten bir \u00fclke haline gelir. Baas program\u0131 gere\u011fince temel g\u0131da maddeleri \u00e7ok ucuz olarak halka ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sovyetler Birli\u011finin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclke ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ancak ekonomik ve sosyal programdan \u00f6d\u00fcn vermez. Haf\u0131z Esad\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yerine gelen Be\u015f\u015far Esad \u00fclkeyi d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya a\u00e7mak amac\u0131yla neoliberal politika izleyerek bir dizi reform uygulam\u0131\u015f ancak devletin e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, tar\u0131m ve g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131ndan taviz vermemi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Amerika’n\u0131n yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczeninde \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Projesi\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda devreye sokulan \u00f6z\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130srail’in kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7layan ve ad\u0131na \u201cArap Bahar\u0131\u201d denilen kaosve \u015fiddet eylemlerinde 22 \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu program \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olu\u015fturulan sahte g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve haberlerle Suriye’de bir halk hareketi ama\u00e7lan\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck slogan\u0131 atan silahl\u0131 guruplar \u00f6ncelikle \u00fclkenin alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hedef al\u0131rlar. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinden dev\u015firilen cihat\u00e7\u0131 guruplar sabotaj ve suikastlarla kaos ortam\u0131 yaratmak i\u00e7in intihar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Suriye’deki fabrikalar s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp tahrip edildi. Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131, bu\u011fday silolar\u0131 yak\u0131ld\u0131. Hava savunma sistemleri hedef al\u0131narak \u00fclkenin kendini savunmas\u0131 engellendi. Hastanelere sald\u0131rarak y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ki bu hastanelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu’nun en modern ve t\u00fcm hastalara \u00fccretsiz sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti veren kanser hastanesi El Kindi vard\u0131. \u0130lkokullar dahil her yerde bombalar patlat\u0131larak anar\u015fi ortam\u0131 yarat\u0131ld\u0131. K\u0131sacas\u0131 Suriye devletinin can damarlar\u0131 kesilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Askeri olarak diz \u00e7\u00f6kmeyen Suriye’nin terbiye edilmesi Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Sezar yasas\u0131 diye tabir etti\u011fi ambargoyla ila\u00e7 ve g\u0131da dahil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal\u0131n \u00fclkeye giri\u015fi engellenir. Silahla y\u0131kamad\u0131klar\u0131 Suriye’yi a\u00e7 b\u0131rakarak emellerine ula\u015ft\u0131lar. A\u00e7l\u0131k ve yoksulluk beraberinde y\u00fcksek enflasyon, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maa\u015flar, r\u00fc\u015fvet ve doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k toplumu i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda Suriye’nin m\u00fcttefikleri Rusya ve \u0130ran ekonomik olarak destek vermeyince yoksulluk toplumu i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcterek rejimi savunmas\u0131z b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bir zamanlar Ortado\u011fu’nun en m\u00fcreffeh, en \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve bor\u00e7suz \u00fclkesi bir dilim ekme\u011fe muhta\u00e7 hale getirildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Amerikan emperyalizmine ve \u0130srail Siyonizm\u2019ine g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc hizmet etmek \u00fczere yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015f bu yobazlar sonunda ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131lar. \u015eimdi Suriye her g\u00fcn katliam, gasp ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla haber konusu olmakta, insanlar \u00e7aresiz bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 aramaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n