{"id":973,"date":"2025-07-25T08:56:01","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T08:56:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/?p=973"},"modified":"2025-07-25T08:56:20","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T08:56:20","slug":"suriyede-alevi-soykirimi-dosyasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/25\/suriyede-alevi-soykirimi-dosyasi\/","title":{"rendered":"SUR\u0130YEDE ALEV\u0130 SOYKIRIMI DOSYASI\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haz. Avrupa Arap Alevileri Federasyonu & Ehlen Dergisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm I \u2013 Katliam ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aral\u0131k 2024 \u2013 Ocak 2025<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye\u2019de 2024 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ya\u015fanan siyasi k\u0131r\u0131lma, yaln\u0131zca bir rejimin sonunu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir halk\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik sistematik imha s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 simgelemektedir. Be\u015far Esad y\u00f6netiminin devrilmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan iktidar bo\u015flu\u011fu, El-Kaide ve I\u015e\u0130D k\u00f6kenli radikal \u0130slamc\u0131 bir yap\u0131 olan Heyet Tahrir el-\u015eam (HT\u015e) taraf\u0131ndan h\u0131zla dolduruldu. HT\u015e\u2019nin lideri Ahmed el-\u015earaa, bilinen ad\u0131yla Ebu Muhammed el-Colani, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte El-Nusra Cephesi ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in Suriye emirli\u011fi g\u00f6revlerini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f bir isimdi. Esad rejiminin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle birlikte Suriye’nin idari ve askeri yap\u0131s\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 hukukta ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bu yap\u0131lanman\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni rejim ilk g\u00fcnlerinde, \u00f6zellikle Alevi topluluklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u201csilahs\u0131zlanma\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunarak s\u00fckunet ve g\u00fcvenlik vaadinde bulundu. HT\u015e yetkilileri, yeni bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, eskiye dair hi\u00e7bir toplumsal intikam\u0131n g\u00fcd\u00fclmeyece\u011fini belirtiyor; \u00f6zellikle Tartus, Lazkiye, Homs ve Hama gibi Alevi n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde halka, silahlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u015fekilde teslim etmeleri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyordu. Ne var ki, bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede organize bir aldatmacaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Silahlar\u0131n\u0131 teslim eden k\u00f6yler, g\u00fcnler ya da haftalar sonra HT\u015e militanlar\u0131n\u0131n gece bask\u0131nlar\u0131na maruz kald\u0131. Teslimiyet, beraberinde toplu katliam\u0131 getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 Aral\u0131k 2024\u2019te Hama\u2019n\u0131n Rabia ve Zaghbah k\u00f6ylerinde silahs\u0131z k\u00f6ylere yap\u0131lan gece bask\u0131n\u0131nda, kad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar dahil olmak \u00fczere onlarca ki\u015fi ya kur\u015funa dizildi ya da evlerinde yak\u0131ld\u0131. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda sosyal medyaya s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lan ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 mesajlar, HT\u015e \u00fcyelerinin esirleri kameralar \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u201ciyi muamele\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcyle sahneleyip ard\u0131ndan infaz ettiklerini ortaya koyuyordu. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Hama\u2019da bulunan Ayasofya Kilisesi\u2019nin ikonalar\u0131 ve dini sembolleri parampar\u00e7a edildi; kilise i\u00e7indeki tahribat video kay\u0131tlar\u0131yla belgelendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sald\u0131r\u0131lar yaln\u0131zca k\u0131rsal k\u00f6ylerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131. 24 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Hama\u2019dan d\u00f6nen \u00fc\u00e7 Alevi yarg\u0131\u00e7, Rabia-Masyaf yolu \u00fczerinde infaz edildi. Bu ki\u015filer, m\u00fclkiyet mahkemelerinde g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yor; rejimle do\u011frudan bir ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 bulunmuyordu. Yine bu d\u00f6nemde, Homs \u00dcniversitesi’nde g\u00f6rev yapan Alevi akademisyen Prof. Dr. Rasha Al-Ali, kamp\u00fcs \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda maskeli ki\u015filerce ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Kendisine dair bug\u00fcne dek hi\u00e7bir resmi a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu olaylar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Suriye, yeni rejimin g\u00f6lgesinde daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliam s\u00fcrecine girdi. 5 Ocak 2025\u2019te Homs\u2019ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen toplu katliamda, en az doksan sivil evlerinde yak\u0131larak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Kad\u0131nlar, \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar ve sivillerin hi\u00e7bir ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmeksizin hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sald\u0131r\u0131, HT\u015e\u2019nin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddetin bireysel de\u011fil, organize bir yok etme stratejisinin par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koydu. \u00d6l\u00fcmler yaln\u0131zca say\u0131dan ibaret de\u011fildi; aileler toplu mezarlara g\u00f6m\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce i\u015fkence edilmi\u015f, yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya te\u015fhir edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21\u201324 Ocak tarihleri aras\u0131nda ise bir ba\u015fka korkun\u00e7 dalga ba\u015flad\u0131. HT\u015e taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan s\u00f6zde g\u00fcvenlik yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehirlerde \u201crejim kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131\u201d oldu\u011fu iddia edilen Alevi sivilleri g\u00f6zalt\u0131na almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak bu ki\u015filerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Esad d\u00f6neminde hi\u00e7bir resmi g\u00f6revi olmayan \u00f6\u011fretmenler, esnaf ve k\u00f6y imamlar\u0131yd\u0131. Yaln\u0131zca Alevi olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in tutukland\u0131lar. D\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde en az 35 ki\u015finin infaz edildi\u011fi, bedenlerinin yol kenarlar\u0131nda i\u015fkence izleriyle b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan en dikkat \u00e7ekici geli\u015fmelerden biri de kitlesel kay\u0131plar ve zorla kaybetmelerdir. HT\u015e ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n Aral\u0131k 2024 \u2013 Ocak 2025 aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 9.000 Alevi genci<\/strong> ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ak\u0131betinin halen belirsiz oldu\u011fu bildirilmektedir. Ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun I\u015e\u0130D d\u00f6neminden kalma gizli hapishanelere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, burada elektrik verme, t\u0131rnak s\u00f6kme, \u00e7\u0131plak b\u0131rakma, cinsel i\u015fkence ve psikolojik eziyet uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair tan\u0131kl\u0131klar, uluslararas\u0131 raporlarla desteklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medya kan\u0131tlar\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemi en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. 22 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Al-Mayadin\u2019de s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lan ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda HT\u015e \u00fcyeleri, \u201ckameralar \u00f6n\u00fcnde iyi davran\u0131n, sonra gere\u011fini yapar\u0131z\u201d ifadesiyle esirlere uygulanan sahte insanc\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 itiraf etmi\u015fti. 25 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Homs\u2019ta Alevi protestoculara do\u011frudan ate\u015f a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 30 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Hristiyanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Maaloula\u2019da toplu g\u00f6\u00e7 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7ok say\u0131da ev ate\u015fe verildi. 3 Ocak\u2019ta ise Wadi al-Dahab\u2019ta sokakta y\u00fcr\u00fcyen siviller HT\u015e militanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u201ck\u00e2fir\u201d denilerek lin\u00e7 edildi. Bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klarla belgelendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu geli\u015fmeler, uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 1948 tarihli Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi ve Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re, bir grubun t\u00fcm\u00fcyle veya k\u0131smen yok edilmesi amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, a\u011f\u0131r fiziksel veya zihinsel zarar verme, ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rma ve zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirme gibi eylemler, bu su\u00e7u tan\u0131mlar. HT\u015e’nin Alevilere kar\u015f\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sistematik \u015fiddet politikalar\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu tan\u0131m\u0131 eksiksiz bi\u00e7imde kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye’nin bu yeni d\u00f6neminde Aleviler yaln\u0131zca bir inan\u00e7 toplulu\u011fu de\u011fil; varl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi veren, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, haf\u0131zas\u0131, insanlar\u0131 yok edilmek istenen bir halkt\u0131r. Katliamlarla ba\u015flayan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, ilerleyen aylarda tehcir ve demografik m\u00fchendislik operasyonlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecektir. Dergimizin bu \u00f6zel dosyas\u0131nda, tan\u0131kl\u0131klar, belgeler, video kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk normlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kayda ge\u00e7irmeye devam edece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm II \u2013 Tehcir, Zorla G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Demografik D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u015eubat \u2013 Mart 2025)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye\u2019de 2025 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u015eubat ay\u0131, Alevi toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7in yeni bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. Katliamlarla ba\u015flayan yok etme s\u00fcreci, art\u0131k fiziksel tasfiyeden mek\u00e2nsal yok etmeye<\/strong>, yani demografik m\u00fchendisli\u011fe evrildi. Hayat Tahrir el-\u015eam (HT\u015e) rejimi, Alevi n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131 ve i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerde sistematik bir g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirme ve n\u00fcfus de\u011fi\u015ftirme stratejisi izlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu strateji, yerel halk\u0131n zorla tahliyesini, mallar\u0131n\u0131n gasp edilmesini ve yerlerine d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan getirilen yabanc\u0131 cihat\u00e7\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n yerle\u015ftirilmesini<\/strong> i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HT\u015e\u2019nin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131yd\u0131. Bir yandan do\u011frudan \u015fiddet ve tehdit kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, di\u011fer yandan \u201cge\u00e7ici g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri\u201d, \u201cn\u00fcfus kayd\u0131 denetimi\u201d veya \u201ccihad emirli\u011fi b\u00f6lge planlamas\u0131\u201d gibi idari gerek\u00e7elerle kitlesel s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler organize edildi. Bu politikan\u0131n hedefinde, \u00f6zellikle Lazkiye, Tartus, Hama ve Homs k\u0131rsal\u0131ndaki Alevi k\u00f6yleri ve mahalleleri vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131nda Latakia\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Datour ve Khan al-Joz mahallelerinde ba\u015flayan tehcir dalgas\u0131, sadece birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde y\u00fczlerce aileyi etkiledi. BBC muhabiri Quentin Sommerville\u2019in sahadan aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, silahl\u0131 HT\u015e militanlar\u0131 siyah ara\u00e7larla mahallelere girerek, aileleri gece yar\u0131s\u0131 pijamalar\u0131yla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya zorlad\u0131. Evler bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131ktan hemen sonra HT\u015e\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 militanlar\u0131n aileleri bu yap\u0131lara yerle\u015ftirildi. Evden zorla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir Alevi aile bireyi \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu: \u201cEvimizi, i\u00e7indeki ekme\u011fimizi bile almadan terk ettik. Ertesi sabah bizim yerde onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 oynuyordu.\u201d
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Benzer bir durum, Hama\u2019daki Fahel, al-Suqaylabiyah ve Rabiah k\u00f6ylerinde de ya\u015fand\u0131. Silahl\u0131 HT\u015e birlikleri, k\u00f6ylere girerek halk\u0131 sabaha kadar s\u00fcre vererek tahliyeye zorlad\u0131. Tahliye etmeyenlerin evleri yak\u0131ld\u0131, tar\u0131m arazileri kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgeye HT\u015e\u2019nin m\u00fcttefiki olan yabanc\u0131 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar yerle\u015ftirildi. Bu sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda Pakistan, Libya, Tunus, \u00c7e\u00e7enya ve Afganistan k\u00f6kenli militanlar da yer almaktayd\u0131. Bu durum, uluslararas\u0131 hukukta \u201cetnik temizlik\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131yla birebir \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u00fcrecinin yaln\u0131zca fiziksel bir yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda psikolojik ve sosyolojik bir y\u0131k\u0131m s\u00fcreci oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. G\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilen aileler, genellikle da\u011f k\u00f6ylerine, ormanl\u0131k alanlara veya g\u00fcvenli olmayan s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerine s\u00fcr\u00fclmekteydi. Temel ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lan bu insanlar, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine, g\u0131daya ve e\u011fitime eri\u015femeyecekleri alanlara itilmekteydi. Baz\u0131 Alevi aileler, Suriye-L\u00fcbnan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ka\u00e7arken HT\u015e milislerinin ellerine esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Videolar, teslim edilen Alevi askerlerin ve sivillerin kameralar kapand\u0131ktan sonra a\u00e7\u0131k alanda d\u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> g\u00f6steriyor.
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Bu d\u00f6nemde HT\u015e yetkililerinin deme\u00e7lerinde, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilen insanlar\u0131n \u201csava\u015f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi\u201d ya da \u201crejime yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc tehdit olu\u015fturduklar\u0131\u201d iddia ediliyordu. Ancak bu ifadeler, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n klasik ink\u00e2r stratejilerinden biridir. Ger\u00e7ekte olan ise, bir mezhebin demografik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak co\u011frafyadan silinmesidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n son haftas\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlarda, Homs ve \u00e7evresindeki k\u00f6ylerden en az 3.000 ailenin yerinden edildi\u011fi<\/strong> belirtilmi\u015ftir. Latakia\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridi boyunca uzanan yerle\u015fimlerde Alevi n\u00fcfusun oran\u0131 %50\u2019lerden %20\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, bu bo\u015flu\u011fa ise HT\u015e yanl\u0131s\u0131 selefi n\u00fcfus yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n, ya\u015fl\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek da\u011f yollar\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye zorlanm\u0131\u015f<\/strong>, baz\u0131lar\u0131 donarak veya a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle 23 \u015eubat\u2019ta Lazkiye k\u0131rsal\u0131nda ka\u00e7makta olan bir ailenin 2 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011funun cans\u0131z bedeni, uluslararas\u0131 bas\u0131nda yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; ancak bu durum bile HT\u015e rejiminin politikalar\u0131n\u0131 durdurmaya yetmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m yaln\u0131zca katliamla yap\u0131lmaz. Yerinden edilen her aile, y\u0131k\u0131lan her t\u00fcrbe, bo\u015falt\u0131lan her ev birer k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve demografik imhad\u0131r<\/strong>. HT\u015e\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tehcir politikas\u0131, Suriye\u2019nin dini ve etnik \u00e7o\u011fulculu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan uzun vadeli bir plan\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Yerel kaynaklara g\u00f6re, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Alevilere ait mezarl\u0131klar, okullar, cem evleri ya da ziyaretg\u00e2hlar ya y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da selefi sembollerle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu geli\u015fmeler, 1949 tarihli Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ve 1998 Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sava\u015f su\u00e7u<\/strong> ve insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar<\/strong> kapsam\u0131na girer. Yerinden edilme, zorla m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve n\u00fcfus de\u011fi\u015fimi, uluslararas\u0131 ceza hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r ihlaller olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eubat ve Mart 2025\u2019te ya\u015fananlar, Suriye\u2019nin kuzey ve bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Alevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 topyek\u00fbn hedef alan ikinci dalga soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n<\/strong> g\u00f6stergesidir. Bu d\u00f6nemi sadece bir \u201czorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u201d olarak nitelendirmek, ya\u015fanan ac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek olur. Aleviler art\u0131k sadece canlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, kimliklerini, tarihlerini ve topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da kaybetmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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15 Mart 2025 tarihinde K\u00f6ln’de Alevi kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n Suriye\u2018deki soyk\u0131r\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 mitingten g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm III \u2013 Dini ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Yok Olu\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrbe Y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131, Dini Lider Suikastleri ve \u0130nan\u00e7lara Sald\u0131r\u0131 (Mart \u2013 Nisan 2025)<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye\u2019de ya\u015fanan trajedinin en derin ve sessiz \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dini haf\u0131zan\u0131n sistematik bi\u00e7imde hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. Katliamlar ve zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7lerle birlikte, Hayat Tahrir el-\u015eam (HT\u015e) y\u00f6netiminin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer politika da Alevi inanc\u0131n\u0131n ve gelene\u011finin fiziksel izlerini ortadan kald\u0131rma stratejisidir<\/strong>. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle soyk\u0131r\u0131m, yaln\u0131zca insan bedenine de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda haf\u0131zaya, kutsala, sembole ve kimli\u011fe y\u00f6nelmi\u015f \u00e7ok boyutlu bir y\u0131k\u0131m halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mart 2025\u2019in ilk haftalar\u0131nda Lazkiye\u2019nin Datour mahallesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen sald\u0131r\u0131lar yaln\u0131zca sivilleri de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Alevilere ait kutsal mekanlar\u0131 da hedef ald\u0131<\/strong>. Mart ay\u0131n\u0131n 4\u2019\u00fc ile 7\u2019si aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 boyutlara ula\u015fan sald\u0131r\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da ev, okul ve ziyaretg\u00e2h yak\u0131ld\u0131. Alevi inanc\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal haf\u0131zas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olan \u015feyh t\u00fcrbeleri ve cem alanlar\u0131<\/strong>, HT\u015e militanlar\u0131nca \u201cbidat unsuru\u201d olarak ilan edildi ve ya tamamen tahrip edildi ya da \u00fczerine HT\u015e\u2019ye ait semboller yerle\u015ftirildi. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda 2.246 Alevi sivilin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 25 ayr\u0131 katliam\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kaydedildi\u011fi ve 800’\u00fcn \u00fczerinde videonun delil olarak topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve \u0130nsani Takip Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
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Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 yaln\u0131zca fiziksel tahribatla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, dini liderlere y\u00f6nelik suikastler<\/strong> ve ka\u00e7\u0131rmalar da ayn\u0131 h\u0131zda devam etmi\u015ftir. Ocak sonundan itibaren artan sald\u0131r\u0131lar, Mart ay\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Suriye\u2019nin farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde Alevi din insanlar\u0131 ya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ya da kaybedilmi\u015ftir<\/strong>. \u00d6zellikle dikkat \u00e7eken bir \u00f6rnek, Lazkiye\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 Danibah k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ya\u015fayan 65 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u015eeyh Ali Deeb Abu Rami ve e\u015finin ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p iki g\u00fcn sonra i\u015fkence izleriyle yol kenar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lan bedenleri olmu\u015ftur. Bu olay, hem yerel halkta hem de dini camiada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir infiale neden olmu\u015f; buna ra\u011fmen HT\u015e yetkilileri olayla ilgili herhangi bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
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Bir ba\u015fka kritik olay ise Abu Abdullah al-Hussein al-Hasibi<\/strong> t\u00fcrbesine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Aleppo\u2019daki Meyseloun semtinde bulunan bu t\u00fcrbe, Alevilik inanc\u0131nda \u201cikinci kurucu\u201d kabul edilen ve Nusayri gelene\u011fini bi\u00e7imlendiren en \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrlerden biri olan al-Hasibi\u2019ye aittir. 1 Aral\u0131k 2025\u2019te HT\u015e\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 militanlar taraf\u0131ndan sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan t\u00fcrbe, yak\u0131larak kullan\u0131lamaz hale getirildi. T\u00fcrbeyi korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan be\u015f g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc sivil infaz edildi ve bu infaz an\u0131, sosyal medya platformlar\u0131nda propaganda arac\u0131 olarak payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu eylemin amac\u0131 yaln\u0131zca yok etmek de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda kutsala kar\u015f\u0131 psikolojik bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck kurma stratejisidir.<\/strong>
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Dini liderlerin ve t\u00fcrbelerin hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 hukukta k\u00fclt\u00fcrel soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n en temel g\u00f6stergelerindendir. 1954 tarihli Lahey K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131 Koruma S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong> ve 1998 Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re, dini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel mekanlar\u0131n kasten yok edilmesi, sava\u015f su\u00e7u ve insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen “Silahl\u0131 \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalarda K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131n Korunmas\u0131na Dair K\u0131lavuz” bu t\u00fcr sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n yarg\u0131lanabilir nitelikte oldu\u011funu vurgular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HT\u015e\u2019nin bu d\u00f6nemde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ideolojik propaganda da dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Mart ay\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan baz\u0131 bildiri ve hutbelerde, Alevili\u011fin \u201c\u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d, \u201cd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gereken bir sapk\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f; halk\u0131n bu t\u00fcrbelere gitmemesi gerekti\u011fi empoze edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, baz\u0131 sosyal medya hesaplar\u0131nda Alevilere ait mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n tahrip edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde Alevi mezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u0130slamc\u0131 sloganlar kaz\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u00fcr sald\u0131r\u0131lar, yaln\u0131zca bir inanca de\u011fil; bir toplulu\u011fun tarihine, k\u00f6klerine, haf\u0131zas\u0131na ve varolu\u015f hakk\u0131na<\/strong> y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir silme hareketidir. Dini alan\u0131n yok edilmesi, do\u011frudan inan\u00e7 pratiklerinin engellenmesiyle birlikte kimliksizle\u015ftirme amac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcder. Zira soyk\u0131r\u0131m yaln\u0131zca fiziki yok etmeyi de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve manevi yok etmeyi de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mart \u2013 Nisan 2025 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, HT\u015e rejiminin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imha politikalar\u0131n\u0131n en belirgin ve belgeli \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Katledilen dini liderler, yok edilen t\u00fcrbeler, tahrip edilen mezarl\u0131klar ve tehdit edilen ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Suriye\u2019de Alevi inanc\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k sadece bir inan\u00e7 sistemi de\u011fil; hedefe konmu\u015f, yok edilmek istenen bir kimlik haline getirildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn Aleviler, yaln\u0131zca ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 de\u011fil, inan\u00e7 hakk\u0131 da gasp edilmi\u015f bir halk olarak tarih sahnesinde hayatta kalma m\u00fccadelesi vermektedir. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n bu inan\u00e7 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr boyutunun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale getirilmesi, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem tan\u0131kl\u0131k hem de adalet \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm IV \u2013 Uluslararas\u0131 Sessizlik ve \u0130kili Standartlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diplomatik Tepkiler, Protestolar ve Etik \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye’de 2024 Aral\u0131k\u2019\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flayarak h\u0131zla bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m boyutuna ula\u015fan katliamlar, tehcirler ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yok olu\u015f, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ya g\u00f6rmezden gelindi ya da bilin\u00e7li olarak me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong>. Oysa ayn\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 sistem, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte benzeri olaylarda daha erken ve daha kararl\u0131 refleksler g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Bosna\u2019da Srebrenitsa, Ruanda\u2019da Tutsi halk\u0131, Myanmar\u2019da Rohingyalar i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan hukuki, siyasi ve diplomatik mekanizmalar; Suriye Alevileri s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Bu durum, insan haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde \u00e7ifte standartlar\u0131n ne denli yerle\u015fik hale geldi\u011fini dramatik bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HT\u015e y\u00f6netimi, iktidara geldikten sonra uluslararas\u0131 imaj\u0131n\u0131 yumu\u015fatmak ad\u0131na bir dizi sembolik hamleye ba\u015fvurdu. En dikkat \u00e7ekeni, lideri Ahmed el-\u015earaa (Colani) hakk\u0131nda ABD taraf\u0131ndan konmu\u015f olan 10 milyon dolarl\u0131k \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn Aral\u0131k 2024\u2019te kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong> oldu. ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri yetkililerinin Colani ile “ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6netim” konusunda temaslar kurdu\u011fu, bas\u0131na s\u0131zan diplomatik belgelerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
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Bu ad\u0131m, \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 medyas\u0131nda “HT\u015e de\u011fi\u015fiyor mu?” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yorumland\u0131. Sakal\u0131n\u0131 kesmi\u015f, kravat takm\u0131\u015f ve Bat\u0131 ba\u015fkentlerinde boy g\u00f6steren baz\u0131 HT\u015e y\u00f6neticileri \u00fczerinden, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015finden kopmakta oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir propaganda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. Ancak sahada belgelenmi\u015f binlerce cinayet, tecav\u00fcz, zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirme ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u0131k\u0131m bu makyaj\u0131 kolayca silip atmaya yetiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan Avrupa\u2019da baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler, rejimin katliamlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ihtiyatl\u0131 ele\u015ftiriler<\/strong> sunsa da, HT\u015e\u2019nin radikal \u0130slamc\u0131 ideolojisine kar\u015f\u0131 net bir duru\u015f sergilemekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131. Almanya, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere gibi \u00fclkelerde d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanlar\u0131n\u0131n ortak a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda, yeni y\u00f6netimin \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u201d oldu\u011fu hat\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak sahada bu az\u0131nl\u0131klar katledilirken, Bat\u0131 ba\u015fkentlerinden gelen bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar c\u0131l\u0131z kal\u0131yor; diplomatik uyar\u0131lar etkisiz hale geliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Almanya merkezli Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi (IGFM), Bistum Regensburg ve PRO gibi Hristiyan medya organlar\u0131, Hristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehditleri<\/strong> s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Kiliselere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar, ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc zorunlulu\u011fu, Noel a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi olaylar bu raporlarda yer buldu. Ancak Alevi toplumuna y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve tehcir politikalar\u0131na dair somut vurgular, yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medya kurulu\u015fu taraf\u0131ndan kayda ge\u00e7irildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda dikkat \u00e7eken bir ba\u015fka geli\u015fme, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun tepkisizli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019daki Alevi kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan harekete ge\u00e7mesidir<\/strong>. 28 Ocak 2025\u2019te Avrupa Alevi Birlikleri Konfederasyonu, Avrupa Arap Alevileri Federasyonu ve Alevi Bekta\u015fi Federasyonu, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019ne ve Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi\u2019ne ba\u015fvuruda bulundu. Ba\u015fvuruda, i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n 1948 BM Soyk\u0131r\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong>, Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri<\/strong>, Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong> ve Az\u0131nl\u0131k Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi<\/strong> \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sava\u015f su\u00e7u, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m kapsam\u0131na girdi\u011fi ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ortaya kondu.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 haftalarda, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Hamburg kentinde 10 Ocak 2025 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen kitlesel protesto<\/strong>, Suriye\u2019deki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 krizi uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyuna duyurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. Suroyo TV\u2019nin canl\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6steride, S\u00fcryani, Alevi ve Hristiyan topluluk temsilcileri HT\u015e rejimini \u201cter\u00f6r eliyle kurulan etnik-dini temizlik y\u00f6netimi\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Bu protesto, Bat\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rmezden geldi\u011fi ger\u00e7ekleri halklar d\u00fczeyinde sahiplenme \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak kayda ge\u00e7ti.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fananlar yaln\u0131zca uluslararas\u0131 siyasetin ahlaki erozyonunu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201cinsan haklar\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n ne denli se\u00e7ici kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Bat\u0131 ba\u015fkentlerinde bir kad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale, haftalarca man\u015fet olurken; Lazkiye k\u0131rsal\u0131nda yak\u0131lan \u00e7ocuklar, toplu mezarlara g\u00f6m\u00fclen siviller ve parampar\u00e7a edilen t\u00fcrbeler sessizli\u011fe mahkum edildi. K\u00fcresel vicdan, jeopolitik menfaatlerle susturulmu\u015ftu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alevi toplulu\u011funun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, diplomatik d\u00fczeyde tam bir izolasyon ya\u015fanmas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 sistemin yap\u0131sal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc de g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi. BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi’nin harekete ge\u00e7memesi, ICC\u2019nin soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatmamas\u0131 ve Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 HT\u015e\u201d hayaline kap\u0131lmas\u0131, gelecekte ya\u015fanacak daha b\u00fcy\u00fck krizler i\u00e7in tehlikeli bir emsal olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm V \u2013 Tan\u0131kl\u0131klar, Video ve Belge Kan\u0131tlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcnmez Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n G\u00f6rsel Ar\u015fivi<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Suriye\u2019de Aral\u0131k 2024\u2019ten itibaren Alevi toplulu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik ba\u015flat\u0131lan soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 boyutu, sessizlikle \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bu k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131n g\u00f6rsel ve dijital izlerle bizzat belgelenmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. Binlerce ki\u015finin g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fczlercesinin katledildi\u011fi, kutsal mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, yaln\u0131zca tan\u0131k anlat\u0131mlar\u0131yla de\u011fil; video kay\u0131tlar\u0131, ses dosyalar\u0131, sosyal medya i\u00e7erikleri ve WhatsApp mesajlar\u0131yla da belgelenmi\u015ftir. Bu materyaller, bir halk\u0131n silinmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair hem tarihsel bir haf\u0131za hem de hukuki bir delil te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6rsel kan\u0131tlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu<\/strong>, bizzat sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren gruplar\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, propaganda videolar\u0131 ve \u015fantaj mesajlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. HT\u015e militanlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu “Euphrates Shield News” adl\u0131 WhatsApp grubunda, bir\u00e7ok kez \u201ckamera \u00f6n\u00fcnde iyi davran\u0131n, sonra infaz edin\u201d, \u201c\u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc payla\u015fmay\u0131n, Bat\u0131 izliyor\u201d gibi ifadeler ge\u00e7en sesli mesajlar ve yaz\u0131\u015fmalar bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu i\u00e7eriklerde, su\u00e7un ink\u00e2r edilmedi\u011fi; aksine bilin\u00e7li olarak perde arkas\u0131na \u00e7ekilmek istendi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\ud83d\udcce [Kaynak: 32\u2020Videos-Descriptions]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belirli tarihlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen baz\u0131 olaylar, video kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klarla do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • 7 Aral\u0131k 2024 \u2013 Hama, Rabia ve Zaghbah k\u00f6yleri:<\/strong> Silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Alevi k\u00f6ylerine gece bask\u0131nlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi. Erkekler kur\u015funa dizildi, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar evlerinde diri diri yak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 22 Aral\u0131k 2024 \u2013 Al-Mayadin, Deir ez-Zor:<\/strong> Ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda HT\u015e \u00fcyeleri, esirlerin kameralar \u00f6n\u00fcnde “iyi muamele” g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterip, ard\u0131ndan infaz ettiklerini itiraf etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 25 Aral\u0131k 2024 \u2013 Homs, Al-Hadara Caddesi:<\/strong> Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l Alevi g\u00f6stericilere do\u011frudan ate\u015f a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7ok say\u0131da sivil yaraland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 27 Aral\u0131k 2024 \u2013 Maaloula:<\/strong> Hristiyanlar g\u00f6\u00e7e zorland\u0131, kiliseler yak\u0131ld\u0131, mezarl\u0131klar tahrip edildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 5 Ocak 2025 \u2013 Homs:<\/strong> 90 ki\u015finin yak\u0131larak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler sosyal medyaya s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 9 Ocak 2025 \u2013 Latakia, Ain Sharqia:<\/strong> Alevi bir \u00e7ift\u00e7i ailesi, tarlada \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 21\u201324 Ocak 2025 \u2013 Homs \u2013 Tartus:<\/strong> HT\u015e\u2019nin \u201cyerel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri\u201d taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan 35 ki\u015fi i\u015fkenceyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, cesetleri sokak ortas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Bu olaylara ili\u015fkin videolar yaln\u0131zca sald\u0131rganlar taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil, olay yerindeki siviller, ka\u00e7abilen tan\u0131klar ve gazeteciler taraf\u0131ndan da kayda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2025 Ocak ay\u0131nda bir grup Alevi hukuk\u00e7u taraf\u0131ndan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019ne sunulan ba\u015fvuru dosyas\u0131na bu videolar fiziksel olarak USB bellek i\u00e7inde teslim edilmi\u015f ve uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyuna kan\u0131t olarak sunulmu\u015ftur.
    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00d6ne \u00e7\u0131kan video kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zetlenmi\u015f \u00f6rnekleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tarih<\/strong><\/td>Olay<\/strong><\/td> Tan\u0131k \/ Medya Notu<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
    22.12.2024<\/td>Esirlere kamera \u00f6n\u00fcnde iyi muamele, ard\u0131ndan gizli infaz<\/td>Sesli itiraf, WhatsApp grubu<\/td><\/tr>
    27.12.2024<\/td>Alevi vatanda\u015flara \u201cDinin ne?\u201d sorusu sonras\u0131 hakaret ve dayak<\/td>Yol kesme g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, sosyal medya<\/td><\/tr>
    28.12.2024<\/td>Hristiyan mahallesinde I\u015e\u0130D bayra\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131<\/td>Bab Touma, \u015eam \u2013 Video kayd\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
    03.01.2025<\/td>Savunmas\u0131z sivillere lin\u00e7 giri\u015fimi<\/td>Wadi al-Dahab, Homs \u2013 g\u00f6rsel kay\u0131t<\/td><\/tr>
    04\u201307.03.2025<\/td>Latakia\u2019daki Datour mahallesinde 600\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde infaz<\/td>Toplu mezar g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri, saha g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Bu belgelerin tamam\u0131, yaln\u0131zca akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda uluslararas\u0131 mahkemelerde delil niteli\u011fi<\/strong>ta\u015f\u0131yabilecek \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fckte i\u00e7eriklerdir. \u00d6zellikle 23 Mart 2025 tarihli \u201cHuman Rights and Humanitarian Follow-up Committee\u201d raporunda 800\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde g\u00f6rsel delil kataloglanm\u0131\u015f ve 2.246 kurban\u0131n ismi teyit edilmi\u015ftir.
    \ud83d\udcce [Kaynak: 33\u2020The Alawites; 30\u2020UN Application; \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komitesi Raporu, 23.03.2025]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu kay\u0131tlar, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n yaln\u0131zca say\u0131 ve teori de\u011fil, insan bedenine, inanc\u0131na, kimli\u011fine ve belle\u011fine indirilen somut bir darbe oldu\u011funu belgelemektedir. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerde a\u011flayan \u00e7ocuklar, annesini s\u0131rtlayan ya\u015fl\u0131lar, y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 ve kur\u015funlanm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcrbeler yer almakta; bu sahneler Alevi toplumunun \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, bir medya ar\u015fivinden ibaret de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda gelecekte a\u00e7\u0131lacak uluslararas\u0131 yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ink\u00e2r edenler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tarihin susmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecek kan\u0131tlard\u0131r<\/strong>. Her bir kare, her bir \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k, bir halk\u0131n yok edili\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n belle\u011finde yer etmesi gereken tan\u0131kl\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u00f6l\u00fcm VI \u2013 Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuki De\u011ferlendirme ve Sorumluluk<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Soyk\u0131r\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc ve R2P Ba\u011flam\u0131nda<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Suriye\u2019de Aral\u0131k 2024\u2019ten itibaren Alevi toplulu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen operasyonlar, sadece yerel bir \u015fiddet dalgas\u0131 de\u011fil, uluslararas\u0131 ceza hukukunun tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imiyle a\u00e7\u0131k bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong>d\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131m, yaln\u0131zca duygusal ya da etik bir ifade de\u011fil; \u00e7ok say\u0131da uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye, mahkeme karar\u0131na ve insan haklar\u0131 normuna dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. 1948 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi ve Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (UNGC)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 2. maddesi, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    “Bir ulusal, etnik, \u0131rksal veya dini grubu tamamen ya da k\u0131smen yok etmek amac\u0131yla, bu gruba kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, a\u011f\u0131r bedensel veya zihinsel zarar verme, ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 yok edici eylemler, do\u011fumlar\u0131 engelleme ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir gruba aktarma.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Suriye’de Alevi toplulu\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilenler bu tan\u0131m\u0131n birden fazla maddesini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Katliamlar ve toplu infazlar \u2192 (Madde II-a)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0130\u015fkence, yakma, canl\u0131 canl\u0131 g\u00f6mme \u2192 (Madde II-b)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Tehcir, a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa terk etme, bar\u0131naks\u0131z b\u0131rakma \u2192 (Madde II-c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Alevi kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sistematik cinsel \u015fiddete u\u011framas\u0131 \u2192 (Madde II-d) \ud83d\udcce [Kaynak: 30\u2020UN Application; 31\u2020UNSC Petition; 33\u2020The Alawites]<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Bu su\u00e7lar, sadece \u201csava\u015f ortam\u0131\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle hafifletilemez; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc grubun dini kimli\u011fi hedef al\u0131nmakta<\/strong>, eylemlerin amac\u0131 bu grubun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      2. 1998 Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc \u2013 Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi (ICC)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 7. ve 8. maddeleri, s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u201cinsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u201d ve \u201csava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 tan\u0131mlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Madde 7<\/strong>: \u00d6ld\u00fcrme, tehcir, i\u015fkence, cinsel \u015fiddet, din temelinde zul\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Madde 8<\/strong>: Sivil n\u00fcfusa y\u00f6nelik kas\u0131tl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar, silahs\u0131z insanlara i\u015fkence ve kutsal mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 sava\u015f su\u00e7udur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        HT\u015e rejiminin 2024\u20132025 d\u00f6nemindeki uygulamalar\u0131 bu maddelerin her birini ihlal etmektedir<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • 2.246 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc katliamlar (Mart 2025)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Alevi kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelik toplu tecav\u00fcz ve i\u015fkence<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • T\u00fcrbelerin yak\u0131lmas\u0131, mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n tahribi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Hristiyanlara, K\u00fcrtlere ve Alevilere y\u00f6nelik sistematik dini temizlik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda bu su\u00e7lardan sorumlu ki\u015filer \u2013ki aralar\u0131nda HT\u015e lideri Ahmed el-\u015earaa (Colani) ve atanm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lge valileri yer almaktad\u0131r\u2013 bireysel olarak yarg\u0131lanabilir.
          \ud83d\udcce [Kaynak: 30\u2020UN Application; 34\u2020Alman Bas\u0131n\u0131; ICC Hukuki Yorumlar]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n\n\n\n

          3. 2005 \u2013 R2P \u0130lkesi (Responsibility to Protect)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          “Koruma Sorumlulu\u011fu” (R2P), BM Genel Kurulu\u2019nca 2005\u2019te kabul edilen ve 4 temel su\u00e7un \u00f6nlenmesini devlete y\u00fckleyen ilkedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Soyk\u0131r\u0131m<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Etnik temizlik<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Suriye\u2019deki HT\u015e rejimi, bu d\u00f6rt su\u00e7un tamam\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fi gibi, merkezi devlet de az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 koruyamamakta, aksine su\u00e7a ortak olmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda R2P\u2019ye g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Uluslararas\u0131 toplum, m\u00fcdahale etmeye yetkili ve sorumludur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Sadece diplomatik de\u011fil, gerekirse insani m\u00fcdahale<\/strong> zorunlu hale gelir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Ancak bu ilke, Suriye \u00f6zelinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 uygulanmam\u0131\u015f, BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nde siyasi blokajlar nedeniyle harekete ge\u00e7ilememi\u015ftir. Bu durum R2P\u2019nin ahlaki ve hukuki g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini sorgulatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n\n\n\n

              4. Lahey S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, ICCPR ve CAT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • Lahey 1954<\/strong>: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda korunmas\u0131. T\u00fcrbelerin ve kiliselerin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 \u2192 ihlal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • ICCPR (1966)<\/strong>: \u0130nan\u00e7, ibadet ve ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 \u2192 ihlal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • CAT (\u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme)<\/strong>: Alevi tutuklulara y\u00f6nelik belgelenmi\u015f i\u015fkenceler \u2192 a\u011f\u0131r ihlal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                \ud83d\udcce [Kaynaklar: 30\u2020UN Application; 33\u2020The Alawites; SOHR, HRW, ICC s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n\n\n\n

                5. Uluslararas\u0131 Sorumlular ve Yarg\u0131lanabilir Akt\u00f6rler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Belgeler, tan\u0131klar ve medya i\u00e7erikleriyle sabittir ki:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • HT\u015e lideri Ahmed el-\u015earaa<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • B\u00f6lge valileri (\u00f6rne\u011fin Anas el-Ayrout \u2013 Tartus Valisi)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • HT\u015e askeri komutanlar\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Sessiz kalan ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan yerel idareciler
                  \u2192 Bu isimlerin tamam\u0131 Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re yarg\u0131lanabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n

                  Uluslararas\u0131 Sistem Test Ediliyor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Tarih boyunca soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar, “\u00e7ok ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda” tan\u0131nd\u0131. Suriye\u2019de bug\u00fcn belgeleriyle, tan\u0131klar\u0131yla, videolarla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ya\u015fanan bir etnik-dini imha giri\u015fimi vard\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen h\u00e2l\u00e2 sessizlik h\u00e2kimse, sorun yaln\u0131zca Suriye\u2019de de\u011fildir \u2013 sorun uluslararas\u0131 vicdanda<\/strong>d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Alevilere y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bu sistematik y\u0131k\u0131m, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem \u00f6nlenebilir bir soyk\u0131r\u0131md\u0131r<\/strong> hem de yarg\u0131lanabilir bir su\u00e7 zinciridir<\/strong>. Sessizlik, tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k de\u011fildir; i\u015flenen su\u00e7a ortak olmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                  25 Ocak 2025 tarihinde Frankfurt\u2019ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen miting ve protesto y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u00f6l\u00fcm VII \u2013 Sonu\u00e7 ve Tarihe Not<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                  Suriye Alevileri Neden H\u00e2l\u00e2 Ayakta?<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                  2024\u2019\u00fcn Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, sadece bir rejimin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de\u011fil, bir halk\u0131n topyek\u00fbn hedef al\u0131narak yok edilmek istendi\u011fi organize bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Heyet Tahrir el-\u015eam (HT\u015e) liderli\u011findeki yap\u0131; Alevileri ge\u00e7mi\u015fin intikam objesi, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ideolojik d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131, gelece\u011fin yok edilmesi gereken unsuru olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Fakat bu karanl\u0131k planlara ra\u011fmen, Suriye Alevileri h\u00e2l\u00e2 ayakta.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 sadece fiziki bir direni\u015fte de\u011fil; kolektif haf\u0131zada, inan\u00e7ta, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel mirasta, hayatta kalma inat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda<\/strong> sakl\u0131d\u0131r. 14 y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r co\u011frafyan\u0131n en kadim topluluklar\u0131ndan biri olan Aleviler, tarih boyunca da benzer k\u0131y\u0131mlardan ge\u00e7ti. Ancak her defas\u0131nda; inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, de\u011ferlerini, dualar\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcrbelerini, sazlar\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00f6zlerini koruyarak yeniden aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Alevilik yaln\u0131zca bir mezhep de\u011fil, bir ya\u015fam felsefesi, bir diren\u00e7 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Bu rapor boyunca ortaya koydu\u011fumuz tan\u0131kl\u0131klar, belgeler, videolar, y\u0131k\u0131lan t\u00fcrbeler, yak\u0131lan k\u00f6yler, i\u015fkence alt\u0131nda kaybedilen canlar… Hepsi sadece bir y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir direni\u015fin belgeleri<\/strong>dir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu belgeler, Alevilerin sahipsiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n tarihe yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, unutulmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Bug\u00fcn Lazkiye\u2019de, Tartus\u2019ta, Hama\u2019da, Homs\u2019ta ailesini topra\u011fa vermi\u015f bir dede; t\u00fcrbesi y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ziyaret\u00e7i; y\u00fcr\u00fcrken hakaret yemi\u015f bir gen\u00e7 k\u0131z; t\u00fcrk\u00fc s\u00f6ylemeye devam eden bir ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131n… Her biri, bu topraklar\u0131n sesi, haf\u0131zas\u0131 ve direni\u015fidir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Bu yaz\u0131, bir tarihsel belge, bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 ve bir utan\u00e7 defteri olarak kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131. Tarihe not d\u00fc\u015fmek<\/strong>, yaln\u0131zca akademik bir g\u00f6rev de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda insan kalabilme cesaretidir. Sessizlik, su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmek, adaletin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Biz bu yaz\u0131da tan\u0131kl\u0131k ettik. Geriye kalansa, bu tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulaca\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczenini hep birlikte in\u015fa etmektir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bazen \u201cNeden bu kadar sessiz kald\u0131k?\u201d sorusu, \u201cNeden hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131k?\u201d kadar a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Uluslararas\u0131 Su\u00e7 Ortaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                  Suriye Alevilerine Y\u00f6nelik Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Sessiz M\u00fcttefikleri<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                  2024 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131ndan itibaren Suriye\u2019de Alevi toplulu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik ba\u015flayan sistematik imha s\u00fcreci, yaln\u0131zca sahadaki radikal silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n i\u015fi de\u011fildi. Bu k\u0131y\u0131m, ayn\u0131 zamanda uluslararas\u0131 sistemin sessizli\u011fi, Bat\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015fkentlerin hesap\u00e7\u0131 diplomatik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131, kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin mezhebi \u00e7ifte standartlar\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel kurumlar\u0131n i\u015flevsizli\u011fiyle birlikte \u015fekillendi. Alevi \u00e7ocuklar diri diri yak\u0131l\u0131rken, kad\u0131nlar ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, kutsal t\u00fcrbeler y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rken; d\u00fcnya, bu karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya failiydi ya da su\u00e7 orta\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  En ba\u015fta Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin tavr\u0131, bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecinin me\u015frula\u015fmas\u0131na do\u011frudan hizmet etti. HT\u015e lideri Ahmed el-\u015earaa (Colani), El-Kaide ve I\u015e\u0130D ge\u00e7mi\u015fine ra\u011fmen 2024 sonunda Washington taraf\u0131ndan “temiz sayfa a\u00e7\u0131lan” bir akt\u00f6r haline getirildi. Hakk\u0131ndaki 10 milyon dolarl\u0131k \u00f6d\u00fcl sessizce kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan diplomatik temaslar kuruldu. ABD, \u201c\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 cihat\u00e7\u0131larla ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u201d kurgusu \u00fczerinden Colani rejimini dolayl\u0131 yoldan tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f oldu. Oysa bu temaslar s\u00fcrerken HT\u015e militanlar\u0131 Hama\u2019da k\u00f6yleri ate\u015fe veriyor, kad\u0131nlara toplu tecav\u00fcz ediyor, t\u00fcrbeleri y\u0131k\u0131yordu. Washington\u2019un diplomatik m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, Alevilere \u00f6l\u00fcm, Colani\u2019ye me\u015fruiyet getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin rol\u00fc daha karma\u015f\u0131k ama daha \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Resm\u00ee olarak HT\u015e\u2019yi ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc saymayan Ankara, uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r bu yap\u0131yla ideolojik yak\u0131nl\u0131k kurmu\u015f Suriye muhalefetinin \u00f6nemli bir hamisidir. 2024 sonras\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te Alevilere y\u00f6nelik katliamlar bas\u0131na yans\u0131mas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti devletinden tek bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lmad\u0131. Ne bir k\u0131nama, ne bir diplomatik giri\u015fim, ne de Alevi toplumunun yan\u0131nda duracak bir duru\u015f… Sessizlik, bu kez co\u011frafyan\u0131n i\u00e7inden y\u00fckseldi ve faillerin elini rahatlatt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te yaln\u0131zca susmad\u0131; ayn\u0131 zamanda Suriye’nin selefi temelli siyasi yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlayan tarihsel angajmanlar\u0131n\u0131n bedelini Aleviler’e \u00f6detti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Avrupa cephesi daha rafine ama bir o kadar da ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc bir pozisyonda duruyordu. Fransa, HT\u015e\u2019yi resm\u00ee olarak ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kabul etmesine ra\u011fmen Suriye\u2019de yeni rejime kar\u015f\u0131 ne bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m geli\u015ftirdi ne de Alevilere kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlayabildi. \u201cGe\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci g\u00f6zlemleniyor\u201d t\u00fcr\u00fcnden b\u00fcrokratik c\u00fcmlelerle cinayetlerin \u00fczeri \u00f6rt\u00fcld\u00fc. Almanya ise medyas\u0131nda (DW, WDR, Junge Welt) soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 belgelerle i\u015fledi ama h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00fczeyinde tek bir a\u00e7\u0131klama dahi yap\u0131lmad\u0131. Berlin, Alevi kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 cevaps\u0131z b\u0131rakarak Bat\u0131\u2019daki sessizli\u011fin sembol\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kamuoyu biliyordu, devlet susuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Rusya, daha \u00e7ok susarak alan a\u00e7an<\/strong> bir ortak olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. Esad rejiminin son d\u00f6nemlerinde askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc geri \u00e7eken Moskova, \u00f6zellikle Lazkiye ve Tartus hatt\u0131ndaki Alevi b\u00f6lgelerinde savunmas\u0131zl\u0131k yaratt\u0131. HT\u015e\u2019nin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 bu alanlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Rusya, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 do\u011frudan i\u015flemedi ama zemini haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Diplomatik olarak da \u201cSuriye\u2019nin i\u00e7 meselesi\u201d ifadesinin ard\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak uluslararas\u0131 hukuktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n tavr\u0131ysa tarihsel mezhebi gerilimlerin g\u00f6lgesinde kald\u0131. Teorik olarak \u201cAlevilere yak\u0131n\u201d bir \u00e7izgide durmas\u0131 gereken \u0130ran, pratikte bu toplumu yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa terk etti. Ne \u0130ran destekli milisler Alevileri korudu, ne de Tahran y\u00f6netimi bir diplomatik a\u00e7\u0131klamayla onlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. \u0130ran, Alevili\u011fi \u015eii eksene dahil saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu mezhebi \u201cstratejik m\u00fcttefik\u201d olarak de\u011fil, \u201cd\u0131\u015fsal \u00f6teki\u201d olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve ya\u015fanan k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u00fcm bu devletlerin \u00f6tesinde ise Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nin i\u015flevsizli\u011fi ve Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi’nin suskunlu\u011fu, k\u00fcresel d\u00fczenin ahlaki \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong> belgeledi. Belgelerle, videolarla, tan\u0131k ifadeleriyle yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurulara ra\u011fmen G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi h\u00e2l\u00e2 ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bir karar almad\u0131. ICC, Colani ve HT\u015e liderli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma dahi a\u00e7mad\u0131. Suriye Alevileri t\u00fcm bu sistemin terk etti\u011fi bir halk olarak hem fiziksel hem diplomatik olarak yaln\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Alevilere y\u00f6nelik bu soyk\u0131r\u0131mda, yaln\u0131zca teti\u011fi \u00e7eken HT\u015e militanlar\u0131 de\u011fil; susarak, g\u00f6rmezden gelerek, me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rarak veya stratejik denge bahanesiyle sessiz kalan herkes su\u00e7ludur.<\/strong> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanl\u0131k su\u00e7u yaln\u0131zca i\u015flenmez \u2013 payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden tarihe \u015fu sat\u0131r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmelidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u201cBu suskunluk, Colani’nin kur\u015funundan daha so\u011fuk ve daha \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcld\u00fcr.\u201d<\/em>
                  \u2014 Suriye’den bir Alevi kad\u0131n, Mart 2025<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Utan\u00e7 K\u00f6\u015fesi<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                  Sessizlikle Kurulan Soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u0130ttifak\u0131 \u2013 Avrupa ve Ortado\u011fu’nun Tarihsel Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                  Suriye\u2019de 2024 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Alevi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, yaln\u0131zca silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir katliam silsilesi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda uluslararas\u0131 sistemin \u00e7e\u015fitli akt\u00f6rlerinin susarak veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde onay vererek in\u015fa etti\u011fi kolektif bir su\u00e7tu. Bu su\u00e7, yaln\u0131zca do\u011frudan failin de\u011fil, eylemsiz kalanlar\u0131n, g\u00f6rmezden gelenlerin ve sessizli\u011fini diplomasi diye pazarlayanlar\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u015flendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Bu nedenle art\u0131k sadece \u015funu sormak yeterli de\u011fildir: Kim sustu?
                  As\u0131l sorulmas\u0131 gereken \u015fudur: Kim, bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 fiilen destekledi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Ahlaki \u0130flas\u0131: Diplomatik Sessizlikten Stratejik Ortakl\u0131\u011fa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                  2025 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca Almanya, Fransa ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi, Suriye’de HT\u015e liderli\u011findeki radikal yap\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Alevi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerek siyasi gerek medya d\u00fczleminde izlemeyi tercih etti. Almanya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Annalena Baerbock\u2019un Colani rejimiyle dolayl\u0131 diplomatik temas kurmas\u0131 ve HT\u015e’nin kontrol\u00fcndeki sivil yap\u0131lara \u201cinsani yard\u0131m\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda milyonlarca avro aktarmas\u0131, sadece ihmalk\u00e2rl\u0131kla a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Bu, fiil\u00ee bir i\u015fbirli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Fransa ise, resm\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda HT\u015e\u2019yi h\u00e2l\u00e2 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlasa da, sahadaki realiteye uyum sa\u011flayan bir d\u0131\u015f politika benimseyerek, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden geldi. Avrupa Birli\u011fi ise bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca Suriye Alevilerine y\u00f6nelik i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin hi\u00e7bir resm\u00ee g\u00fcndem olu\u015fturmad\u0131. BM\u2019ye sunulan deliller ve ba\u015fvurular kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca teknik sessizlikle de\u011fil, siyasi isteksizlikle hareket etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  15 Mart 2025\u2019te K\u00f6ln’de d\u00fczenlenen ve binlerce insan\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 protestoya Avrupa’n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir kurumu ne g\u00f6zlemci g\u00f6nderdi ne de bu kolektif hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015fa kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir yan\u0131t verdi. Sessizlik, burada yaln\u0131zca korkakl\u0131k de\u011fil, bilin\u00e7li bir tercihti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc HT\u015e gibi yap\u0131larla kurulmu\u015f diplomatik angajmanlar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi, bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesini gerektiriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Mezhepsel Kapan\u0131: Alevi Olmak Su\u00e7sa, Su\u00e7un Sessizli\u011fi Su\u00e7 Orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                  Ortado\u011fu devletlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, Alevili\u011fi tarihsel olarak marjinalle\u015ftiren mezhepsel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle, bu trajedi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tam bir sessizlik politikas\u0131 izledi. Ancak bu sessizlik, yaln\u0131zca tepkisizlik de\u011fil; soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 onaylayan yap\u0131sal bir pozisyondu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Suudi Arabistan, Katar, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri ve M\u0131s\u0131r, HT\u015e’nin Alevilere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc operasyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmad\u0131. Medyalar\u0131, katliamlar\u0131 haberle\u015ftirmedi. Diplomatik mekanizmalar\u0131 bu konuyu g\u00fcndemlerine almad\u0131. Bu, ideolojik arka plan\u0131 olan bilin\u00e7li bir suskunluktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin pozisyonu ise yaln\u0131zca sessizlikle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Ankara, HT\u015e\u2019yi resm\u00ee olarak ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kabul etmemekte, \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 muhalif bir yap\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlamakta; hatta ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda bu yap\u0131ya dolayl\u0131 olarak lojistik ve siyasi destek sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Alevi b\u00f6lgelerine y\u00f6nelik etnik ve inan\u00e7 temelli sald\u0131r\u0131lar s\u00fcrerken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ne bir k\u0131nama geldi ne de herhangi bir diplomatik refleks g\u00f6sterildi. Bu suskunluk, bir t\u00fcr diplomatik ink\u00e2r de\u011fil, etkin bir pasif onayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0130ran, teorik olarak Alevili\u011fe yak\u0131n bir mezhebi temsile sahip olsa da, pratikte bu toplulu\u011fa y\u00f6nelik hi\u00e7bir koruyucu ad\u0131m atmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alevilerin \u015eiilik i\u00e7inde yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair geleneksel yakla\u015f\u0131m, Tahran\u2019\u0131n bu sessizli\u011fiyle birle\u015ferek, mezhebi k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran ideolojik bir zemin olarak i\u015fledi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Pakistan, Endonezya, Tunus, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Cezayir ve Malezya gibi \u00fclkelerden de tek bir a\u00e7\u0131klama dahi gelmemi\u015ftir. Bu devletlerin tamam\u0131, Suriye Alevileri ile ilgili olarak uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde herhangi bir hukuki veya siyasi giri\u015fimde bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kolektif ilgisizlik, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda mezhep d\u0131\u015f\u0131 inan\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131sal bir duyars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Tarih Not Tutuyor: Bu Sessizlik, Bir Politika Bi\u00e7imidir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                  Suriye Alevilerine y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda i\u015flenmi\u015f en sistematik ve belgeli etnik-dini k\u0131y\u0131mlardan biridir. Bu k\u0131y\u0131m, yaln\u0131zca radikal cihat\u00e7\u0131 bir yap\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n stratejik suskunlu\u011fu<\/strong> ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun ideolojik ink\u00e2r\u0131<\/strong> ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Sessizlik, bir tercih; bu tercih ise art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca ihmalk\u00e2rl\u0131k de\u011fil, siyasi su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.
                  Ve tarih, bu tercihi not etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m yaln\u0131zca faillerin de\u011fil; g\u00f6rmezden gelenlerin, sessiz kalanlar\u0131n, hatta k\u0131namayanlar\u0131n su\u00e7udur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  E\u011fitimi Ele Ge\u00e7irmek: HT\u015e Rejiminin M\u00fcfredat Darbesi ve Suriye\u2019nin Belle\u011fine M\u00fcdahale<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                  2024 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Suriye\u2019de Be\u015far Esad rejiminin \u00e7\u00f6kmesinin ard\u0131ndan y\u00f6netime el koyan Heyet Tahrir el-\u015eam (HT\u015e), yaln\u0131zca siyasi ve askeri alan\u0131 de\u011fil, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n en temel damarlar\u0131n\u0131 da h\u0131zla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn belki de en kritik ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise e\u011fitim sistemi oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc e\u011fitim, yaln\u0131zca bilgi \u00fcretiminin de\u011fil, kimlik in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n ve gelecek ku\u015faklar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlendi\u011fi temel zemindir. HT\u015e, bunu \u00e7ok iyi biliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Yeni rejimin daha ilk aylar\u0131nda \u201ce\u011fitim reformu\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, kamuoyunda bir m\u00fcfredat d\u00fczeltmesi de\u011fil, bir ideolojik darbe<\/strong> olarak yank\u0131 buldu. \u00dcstelik bu \u201cdarbe\u201d, yaln\u0131zca i\u00e7erikte de\u011fil, kavramlar\u0131n, de\u011ferlerin, simgelerin ve tarihsel anlat\u0131lar\u0131n en derin katmanlar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  M\u00fcfredatta Neler De\u011fi\u015ftirildi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                  HT\u015e\u2019nin E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2025 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyurularla baz\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131nda \u201cd\u00fczeltmeler\u201d yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Ancak bu d\u00fczeltmelerin niteli\u011fi, sahadaki ger\u00e7eklikle birle\u015fti\u011finde, bir e\u011fitim politikas\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7ok bir inan\u00e7 dayatmas\u0131 ve tarihsel silme operasyonu<\/strong> olarak okunuyor. De\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • \u201cKanun\u201d ve \u201cadalet\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine \u201c\u015feriat\u201d ve \u201cilahi h\u00fck\u00fcm\u201d yerle\u015ftirildi.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u201cVatana hizmet\u201d gibi yurtta\u015fl\u0131k temelli ifadeler kald\u0131r\u0131larak \u201cAllah yolunda cihat\u201d kavram\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u201cAnayasal haklar\u201d yerine \u201c\u015fer\u2019i g\u00f6revler\u201d vurguland\u0131.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi uygarl\u0131klar, efsaneler ve mitolojik fig\u00fcrler tarih kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Kad\u0131n tarihiyle ilgili olumlu fig\u00fcrler ve laik kad\u0131n liderlik \u00f6rnekleri sistematik \u015fekilde sans\u00fcrlendi.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Baas rejimine dair t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011feler kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131; yerine HT\u015e\u2019yi me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran anlat\u0131lar getirildi.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    En dikkat \u00e7ekici de\u011fi\u015fimlerden biri, felsefe kitaplar\u0131ndaki \u201cTanr\u0131lar\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7oktanr\u0131l\u0131 inan\u00e7lara dair anlat\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu. Bunun yan\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 ele\u015ftiren pasajlar da kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131; bu, rejimin tarihsel selefi anlat\u0131y\u0131 yeniden tesis etme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Neden Bu Kadar H\u0131zl\u0131?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    HT\u015e\u2019nin bu kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede e\u011fitim sistemine m\u00fcdahale etmesinin arkas\u0131nda ideolojik oldu\u011fu kadar stratejik nedenler de bulunuyor. DW Arap\u00e7a\u2019ya konu\u015fan akademisyen Dr. Ahmed Jasim el-H\u00fcseyin, \u201cBu bir me\u015fruiyet in\u015fas\u0131d\u0131r. HT\u015e, askeri kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitim yoluyla siyasal-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel h\u00e2kimiyete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek istiyor,\u201d ifadelerini kullan\u0131yor. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, HT\u015e i\u00e7in e\u011fitim art\u0131k bir ara\u00e7 de\u011fil, bir hakimiyet rejimi kurma y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong> haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Bu ba\u011flamda HT\u015e, Esad rejiminin e\u011fitim sisteminde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i merkezli tekille\u015ftirmeyi, bu defa selefi merkezli bir tek seslili\u011fe<\/strong> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u00c7o\u011fulculu\u011fa A\u00e7\u0131k Bir Sald\u0131r\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    Suriye, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7okkimlikli, \u00e7okdilli, \u00e7okdinli bir uygarl\u0131klar alan\u0131d\u0131r. Aleviler, Hristiyanlar, D\u00fcrziler, \u015eiiler, Ermeniler, K\u00fcrtler, S\u00fcryaniler ve sek\u00fcler S\u00fcnniler bu topraklar\u0131n birlikte ya\u015fama belle\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. HT\u015e rejiminin m\u00fcfredat hamlesi, bu zenginli\u011fi g\u00f6rmezden gelmekle kalmay\u0131p bilin\u00e7li bi\u00e7imde bozmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    E\u011fitim yoluyla in\u015fa edilmek istenen gelecek, birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131 de\u011fil; tek do\u011fruya, tek mezhebe, tek yoruma<\/strong> biat eden bireyler \u00fcretmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu, yaln\u0131zca pedagojik bir tercihten ibaret de\u011fildir; do\u011frudan bir sosyo-politik yeniden kurma operasyonudur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Kad\u0131n\u0131n Sesi Susturuluyor<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    Yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaln\u0131zca din\u00ee alanla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Kad\u0131n\u0131n toplum i\u00e7indeki rol\u00fcne dair t\u00fcm ilerici \u00f6rneklerin m\u00fcfredattan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Laik kad\u0131n fig\u00fcrler, Arap feminizmine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015f isimler, sosyal m\u00fccadelelerde yer alm\u0131\u015f kad\u0131n karakterler sistematik bi\u00e7imde sans\u00fcrlendi. Bu, rejimin kad\u0131n bedeni ve kimli\u011fi \u00fczerindeki ideolojik kontrol arzusunun en net yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u201cM\u00fcfredat Darbesi\u201dne Gelen Tepkiler<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    S\u00fcveyda merkezli sivil toplum a\u011flar\u0131, bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6\u011fretmen sendikalar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci velileri ortak a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla kararlar\u0131n geri \u00e7ekilmesini talep etti. Aktivist Rukayya al-Shaaer, bu s\u00fcreci \u201cbir \u0130slam devleti kurma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim eliyle dayat\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlarken, \u201cSuriye gibi \u00e7o\u011ful yap\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00fclkede bu t\u00fcr kararlar i\u00e7 sava\u015ftan bile tehlikelidir,\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Uluslararas\u0131 Sessizlik ve \u00c7ifte Standart<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Antony Blinken\u2019\u0131n “kapsay\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011fulcu bir Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmeti” vurgusuna ra\u011fmen, HT\u015e\u2019nin e\u011fitim sistemi \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu ideolojik asimilasyon s\u00fcrecine kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir a\u00e7\u0131k k\u0131nama yap\u0131lmad\u0131. Avrupa devletleri ise bu konuda teknik raporlara ve STK\u2019lara dayanarak \u201cizleme pozisyonunu\u201d s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi tercih etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Ancak e\u011fitim sistemi gibi bir \u00fclkenin gelece\u011fini belirleyen alana kar\u015f\u0131 bu sessizlik, yaln\u0131zca diplomatik de\u011fil; ahlaki bir iflast\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Sonu\u00e7: Gelecek, Ders Kitaplar\u0131nda<\/em> Yaz\u0131l\u0131r<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    Bug\u00fcn Suriye\u2019de ilkokul \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ellerine tutu\u015fturulan kitaplar, yaln\u0131zca bilgi de\u011fil; bir tahayy\u00fcl dayatmas\u0131<\/strong>i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu tahayy\u00fcl, Alevili\u011fi, Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, laikli\u011fi ve \u00e7okkimlikli ya\u015fam\u0131 d\u0131\u015flayan bir siyasal doku \u00f6rmektedir. E\u011fitimde ba\u015flayan bu m\u00fcdahale, yak\u0131n gelecekte ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131na, ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve bireysel haklara do\u011frudan sirayet edecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Bu nedenle HT\u015e\u2019nin m\u00fcfredat darbesi, yaln\u0131zca bir e\u011fitim politikas\u0131 de\u011fil; bir haf\u0131za y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131, bir kimlik silme projesidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u201cBir halk\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na neyi \u00f6\u011fretti\u011finiz, o halktan neleri unutturmak istedi\u011finizin g\u00f6stergesidir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                    Basel\/\u0130svi\u00e7re, 23 Mart 2025<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Bilime Kur\u015fun: Suriye’de Entelekt\u00fcel K\u0131y\u0131m ve Sessiz Suikastlar<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                    Sava\u015f, sadece tanklarla, bombalarla ve \u00f6l\u00fcmle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmez. Bazen kalemlerin ucundan, laboratuvarlar\u0131n sessizli\u011finden, kitaplar\u0131n raflar\u0131ndan silinir bir halk\u0131n gelece\u011fi. Suriye\u2019de 2025 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar, tam da b\u00f6ylesi bir entelekt\u00fcel soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n<\/strong> izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Yeni y\u00f6netimin h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda, \u00fclkenin bilimsel ve akademik belle\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrler sistematik bi\u00e7imde hedef al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar, yaln\u0131zca bireysel infazlar de\u011fil; bilime, bilgiye ve sorgulama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sava\u015ft\u0131. Bilimin bir \u00fclkenin vicdan\u0131 oldu\u011funa inanan iki ismin sessizce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, asl\u0131nda t\u00fcm bir toplumun akl\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131lan kur\u015funlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Dr. Hassan \u0130brahim \u2013 Kimyan\u0131n Suskun Dehas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    Tartus\u2019un el-\u015eeyh Badr b\u00f6lgesinde do\u011fan Dr. Hassan \u0130brahim<\/strong>, Suriye Y\u00fcksek Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan bir kimyagerdi. \u00d6zellikle biyoyak\u0131t teknolojileri ve farmas\u00f6tik sentezler<\/strong> \u00fczerine uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bir\u00e7ok gen\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya ment\u00f6rl\u00fck etmi\u015f, ulusal bilim camias\u0131nda sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ren bir akademisyendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2025 Ocak ay\u0131nda i\u015f yerinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kendisinden haber al\u0131namad\u0131. Be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra, \u015eam\u2019\u0131n Rif b\u00f6lgesine ba\u011fl\u0131 Ma\u2019araba\u2019da, ba\u015f\u0131ndan vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olarak bulundu. Kimli\u011fi belirsiz silahl\u0131 ki\u015filerce ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve infaz edildi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ard\u0131nda yar\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015f projeler, yeti\u015fmekte olan onlarca \u00f6\u011frenci ve s\u00f6ylenmemi\u015f c\u00fcmleler b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Hassan \u0130brahim’in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, sadece bir bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil; ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n<\/strong>ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Onun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Suriye\u2019nin bilimsel at\u0131l\u0131m yapma ihtimaliydi. Ve \u015fimdi, bu ihtimal g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Dr. Zahra Hemsiya \u2013 Mikrobiyolojide Kad\u0131n \u0130zleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    Suriye\u2019nin \u00f6nde gelen mikrobiyologlar\u0131ndan olan Dr. Zahra Hemsiya<\/strong>, Aral\u0131k 2024’te \u015eam\u2019daki evinde, gece saatlerinde d\u00fczenlenen silahl\u0131 bir bask\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r n\u00fckleer mikrobiyoloji<\/strong>, antibiyotik direnci ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Hemsiya, sadece akademik \u00fcretimiyle de\u011fil, kad\u0131n bir bilim insan\u0131 olarak da \u00f6rnek bir fig\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle sava\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde yayg\u0131nla\u015fan enfeksiyonlar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynakl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde uygulanabilir sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 bilim camias\u0131nda da tan\u0131nan bir isimdi. Onun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, yaln\u0131zca bilimsel bir sesin de\u011fil, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n akademideki yerinin de hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Zahra Hemsiya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, do\u011frudan bir uyar\u0131yd\u0131: Yeni rejim, yaln\u0131zca siyasi rakiplerini de\u011fil,\u00a0bilgiyi cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fiyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirenleri<\/strong>\u00a0de istemiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Dr.Rasha Nasser el-Ali <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    22 Ocak 2025 tarihinde Suriye’nin Humus kentinde cihat\u00e7\u0131 gruplar taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan Alevi akademisyen Dr. Rasha Nasser Al-Ali’den hala haber al\u0131namamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair iddialar vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Bilimsel Sessizlik, Toplumsal Karanl\u0131k<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    Suriyeli akademisyen ve ele\u015ftirmen Rasha Nasser el-Ali\u2019nin \u201cka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d olay\u0131, \u00f6zellikle silahl\u0131 ki\u015filerce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair haberlerin ard\u0131ndan, Suriye\u2019deki edebi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7evrelerde ve sosyal medyada b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rasha Nasser el-Ali, Humus \u00dcniversitesi’nde Arap Edebiyat\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde akademisyen ve Arap Yazarlar Birli\u011fi \u00fcyesiydi. Arap \u00fclkelerinde tan\u0131nan  Rasha el-Ali, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kahire\u2019deki Arap \u015eiir Festivali\u2019nde j\u00fcri \u00fcyesiydi.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Bu suikastlar; rejim de\u011fi\u015fimiyle birlikte ba\u015flayan sistematik bir entelekt\u00fcel tasfiye s\u00fcrecinin par\u00e7alar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeli. HT\u015e ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin y\u00f6netiminde \u015fekillenen yeni d\u00f6nemde, bilim art\u0131k ele\u015ftirel bir alan de\u011fil<\/strong>, kontrol edilecek bir tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. E\u011fitim sisteminin radikalle\u015ftirilmesiyle e\u015fzamanl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu infazlar, bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi potansiyel bir isyan olarak okuyan zihniyetin d\u0131\u015favurumudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Ve en tehlikelisi, bu cinayetlerin uluslararas\u0131 alanda neredeyse hi\u00e7 yank\u0131 bulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ne akademik birliklerden, ne de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcniversitelerden kayda de\u011fer bir tepki gelmemi\u015ftir. Bu sessizlik, sadece ahlaki bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f de\u011fil; bilimsel dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n evrensel ilkesinin<\/strong> de sorgulanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Sonu\u00e7: Haf\u0131zas\u0131 \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Bir \u00dclke<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    Suriye\u2019de kur\u015funlar sadece insanlara de\u011fil; birikimlere, bilgeliklere, kolektif ilerleme \u00e7abas\u0131na y\u00f6neltiliyor. Dr. Hassan \u0130brahim ve Dr. Zahra Hemsiya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri, yaln\u0131zca onlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil; Suriye’nin alternatif, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve \u00fcretken gelece\u011fini de hedef ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Bug\u00fcn bir \u00fclkenin gelece\u011fini bilimsel katk\u0131 de\u011fil, siyasi biat belirliyorsa; en b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131p, asl\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme hakk\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong>yitirilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                    (Ehlen Dergisi’nin 7. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, May\u0131s 2025, Y\u0131l:3, Say\u0131:7)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi Haz. Avrupa Arap Alevileri Federasyonu & Ehlen Dergisi B\u00f6l\u00fcm I \u2013 Katliam ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Aral\u0131k 2024 \u2013 Ocak 2025 Suriye\u2019de 2024 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ya\u015fanan siyasi k\u0131r\u0131lma, yaln\u0131zca bir rejimin sonunu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir halk\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik sistematik imha s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 simgelemektedir. Be\u015far Esad y\u00f6netiminin devrilmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan iktidar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":983,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8,7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-973","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-guncel","8":"category-siyaset"},"yoast_head":"\nSUR\u0130YEDE ALEV\u0130 SOYKIRIMI DOSYASI\u00a0 - ehlen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Suriye\u2019de 2024 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ya\u015fanan siyasi k\u0131r\u0131lma, yaln\u0131zca bir rejimin sonunu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir halk\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik sistematik imha s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 simgelemektedir.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ehlendergisi.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/25\/suriyede-alevi-soykirimi-dosyasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SUR\u0130YEDE ALEV\u0130 SOYKIRIMI DOSYASI\u00a0 - 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